Distributions¶
Base Distribution¶
Distribution¶
- class Distribution(*args, **kwargs)[source]¶
Bases:
object
Base class for probability distributions in NumPyro. The design largely follows from
torch.distributions
.- Parameters
batch_shape – The batch shape for the distribution. This designates independent (possibly non-identical) dimensions of a sample from the distribution. This is fixed for a distribution instance and is inferred from the shape of the distribution parameters.
event_shape – The event shape for the distribution. This designates the dependent dimensions of a sample from the distribution. These are collapsed when we evaluate the log probability density of a batch of samples using .log_prob.
validate_args – Whether to enable validation of distribution parameters and arguments to .log_prob method.
As an example:
>>> import jax.numpy as jnp >>> import numpyro.distributions as dist >>> d = dist.Dirichlet(jnp.ones((2, 3, 4))) >>> d.batch_shape (2, 3) >>> d.event_shape (4,)
- arg_constraints = {}¶
- support = None¶
- has_enumerate_support = False¶
- reparametrized_params = []¶
- property batch_shape¶
Returns the shape over which the distribution parameters are batched.
- Returns
batch shape of the distribution.
- Return type
- property event_shape¶
Returns the shape of a single sample from the distribution without batching.
- Returns
event shape of the distribution.
- Return type
- property has_rsample¶
- shape(sample_shape=())[source]¶
The tensor shape of samples from this distribution.
Samples are of shape:
d.shape(sample_shape) == sample_shape + d.batch_shape + d.event_shape
- sample(key, sample_shape=())[source]¶
Returns a sample from the distribution having shape given by sample_shape + batch_shape + event_shape. Note that when sample_shape is non-empty, leading dimensions (of size sample_shape) of the returned sample will be filled with iid draws from the distribution instance.
- Parameters
key (jax.random.PRNGKey) – the rng_key key to be used for the distribution.
sample_shape (tuple) – the sample shape for the distribution.
- Returns
an array of shape sample_shape + batch_shape + event_shape
- Return type
- sample_with_intermediates(key, sample_shape=())[source]¶
Same as
sample
except that any intermediate computations are returned (useful for TransformedDistribution).- Parameters
key (jax.random.PRNGKey) – the rng_key key to be used for the distribution.
sample_shape (tuple) – the sample shape for the distribution.
- Returns
an array of shape sample_shape + batch_shape + event_shape
- Return type
- log_prob(value)[source]¶
Evaluates the log probability density for a batch of samples given by value.
- Parameters
value – A batch of samples from the distribution.
- Returns
an array with shape value.shape[:-self.event_shape]
- Return type
- property mean¶
Mean of the distribution.
- property variance¶
Variance of the distribution.
- to_event(reinterpreted_batch_ndims=None)[source]¶
Interpret the rightmost reinterpreted_batch_ndims batch dimensions as dependent event dimensions.
- Parameters
reinterpreted_batch_ndims – Number of rightmost batch dims to interpret as event dims.
- Returns
An instance of Independent distribution.
- Return type
- enumerate_support(expand=True)[source]¶
Returns an array with shape len(support) x batch_shape containing all values in the support.
- expand(batch_shape)[source]¶
Returns a new
ExpandedDistribution
instance with batch dimensions expanded to batch_shape.- Parameters
batch_shape (tuple) – batch shape to expand to.
- Returns
an instance of ExpandedDistribution.
- Return type
- expand_by(sample_shape)[source]¶
Expands a distribution by adding
sample_shape
to the left side of itsbatch_shape
. To expand internal dims ofself.batch_shape
from 1 to something larger, useexpand()
instead.- Parameters
sample_shape (tuple) – The size of the iid batch to be drawn from the distribution.
- Returns
An expanded version of this distribution.
- Return type
- mask(mask)[source]¶
Masks a distribution by a boolean or boolean-valued array that is broadcastable to the distributions
Distribution.batch_shape
.- Parameters
mask (bool or jnp.ndarray) – A boolean or boolean valued array (True includes a site, False excludes a site).
- Returns
A masked copy of this distribution.
- Return type
Example:
>>> from jax import random >>> import jax.numpy as jnp >>> import numpyro >>> import numpyro.distributions as dist >>> from numpyro.distributions import constraints >>> from numpyro.infer import SVI, Trace_ELBO >>> def model(data, m): ... f = numpyro.sample("latent_fairness", dist.Beta(1, 1)) ... with numpyro.plate("N", data.shape[0]): ... # only take into account the values selected by the mask ... masked_dist = dist.Bernoulli(f).mask(m) ... numpyro.sample("obs", masked_dist, obs=data) >>> def guide(data, m): ... alpha_q = numpyro.param("alpha_q", 5., constraint=constraints.positive) ... beta_q = numpyro.param("beta_q", 5., constraint=constraints.positive) ... numpyro.sample("latent_fairness", dist.Beta(alpha_q, beta_q)) >>> data = jnp.concatenate([jnp.ones(5), jnp.zeros(5)]) >>> # select values equal to one >>> masked_array = jnp.where(data == 1, True, False) >>> optimizer = numpyro.optim.Adam(step_size=0.05) >>> svi = SVI(model, guide, optimizer, loss=Trace_ELBO()) >>> svi_result = svi.run(random.PRNGKey(0), 300, data, masked_array) >>> params = svi_result.params >>> # inferred_mean is closer to 1 >>> inferred_mean = params["alpha_q"] / (params["alpha_q"] + params["beta_q"])
- classmethod infer_shapes(*args, **kwargs)[source]¶
Infers
batch_shape
andevent_shape
given shapes of args to__init__()
.Note
This assumes distribution shape depends only on the shapes of tensor inputs, not in the data contained in those inputs.
- Parameters
*args – Positional args replacing each input arg with a tuple representing the sizes of each tensor input.
**kwargs – Keywords mapping name of input arg to tuple representing the sizes of each tensor input.
- Returns
A pair
(batch_shape, event_shape)
of the shapes of a distribution that would be created with input args of the given shapes.- Return type
- cdf(value)[source]¶
The cummulative distribution function of this distribution.
- Parameters
value – samples from this distribution.
- Returns
output of the cummulative distribution function evaluated at value.
- icdf(q)[source]¶
The inverse cumulative distribution function of this distribution.
- Parameters
q – quantile values, should belong to [0, 1].
- Returns
the samples whose cdf values equals to q.
- property is_discrete¶
ExpandedDistribution¶
- class ExpandedDistribution(*args, **kwargs)[source]¶
Bases:
numpyro.distributions.distribution.Distribution
- arg_constraints = {}¶
- property has_enumerate_support¶
bool(x) -> bool
Returns True when the argument x is true, False otherwise. The builtins True and False are the only two instances of the class bool. The class bool is a subclass of the class int, and cannot be subclassed.
- property has_rsample¶
- property support¶
- sample_with_intermediates(key, sample_shape=())[source]¶
Same as
sample
except that any intermediate computations are returned (useful for TransformedDistribution).- Parameters
key (jax.random.PRNGKey) – the rng_key key to be used for the distribution.
sample_shape (tuple) – the sample shape for the distribution.
- Returns
an array of shape sample_shape + batch_shape + event_shape
- Return type
- sample(key, sample_shape=())[source]¶
Returns a sample from the distribution having shape given by sample_shape + batch_shape + event_shape. Note that when sample_shape is non-empty, leading dimensions (of size sample_shape) of the returned sample will be filled with iid draws from the distribution instance.
- Parameters
key (jax.random.PRNGKey) – the rng_key key to be used for the distribution.
sample_shape (tuple) – the sample shape for the distribution.
- Returns
an array of shape sample_shape + batch_shape + event_shape
- Return type
- log_prob(value)[source]¶
Evaluates the log probability density for a batch of samples given by value.
- Parameters
value – A batch of samples from the distribution.
- Returns
an array with shape value.shape[:-self.event_shape]
- Return type
- enumerate_support(expand=True)[source]¶
Returns an array with shape len(support) x batch_shape containing all values in the support.
- property mean¶
Mean of the distribution.
- property variance¶
Variance of the distribution.
FoldedDistribution¶
- class FoldedDistribution(*args, **kwargs)[source]¶
Bases:
numpyro.distributions.distribution.TransformedDistribution
Equivalent to
TransformedDistribution(base_dist, AbsTransform())
, but additionally supportslog_prob()
.- Parameters
base_dist (Distribution) – A univariate distribution to reflect.
- support = <numpyro.distributions.constraints._GreaterThan object>¶
- log_prob(*args, **kwargs)¶
Evaluates the log probability density for a batch of samples given by value.
- Parameters
value – A batch of samples from the distribution.
- Returns
an array with shape value.shape[:-self.event_shape]
- Return type
ImproperUniform¶
- class ImproperUniform(*args, **kwargs)[source]¶
Bases:
numpyro.distributions.distribution.Distribution
A helper distribution with zero
log_prob()
over the support domain.Note
sample method is not implemented for this distribution. In autoguide and mcmc, initial parameters for improper sites are derived from init_to_uniform or init_to_value strategies.
Usage:
>>> from numpyro import sample >>> from numpyro.distributions import ImproperUniform, Normal, constraints >>> >>> def model(): ... # ordered vector with length 10 ... x = sample('x', ImproperUniform(constraints.ordered_vector, (), event_shape=(10,))) ... ... # real matrix with shape (3, 4) ... y = sample('y', ImproperUniform(constraints.real, (), event_shape=(3, 4))) ... ... # a shape-(6, 8) batch of length-5 vectors greater than 3 ... z = sample('z', ImproperUniform(constraints.greater_than(3), (6, 8), event_shape=(5,)))
If you want to set improper prior over all values greater than a, where a is another random variable, you might use
>>> def model(): ... a = sample('a', Normal(0, 1)) ... x = sample('x', ImproperUniform(constraints.greater_than(a), (), event_shape=()))
or if you want to reparameterize it
>>> from numpyro.distributions import TransformedDistribution, transforms >>> from numpyro.handlers import reparam >>> from numpyro.infer.reparam import TransformReparam >>> >>> def model(): ... a = sample('a', Normal(0, 1)) ... with reparam(config={'x': TransformReparam()}): ... x = sample('x', ... TransformedDistribution(ImproperUniform(constraints.positive, (), ()), ... transforms.AffineTransform(a, 1)))
- Parameters
support (Constraint) – the support of this distribution.
batch_shape (tuple) – batch shape of this distribution. It is usually safe to set batch_shape=().
event_shape (tuple) – event shape of this distribution.
- arg_constraints = {}¶
- support = <numpyro.distributions.constraints._Dependent object>¶
- log_prob(*args, **kwargs)¶
Evaluates the log probability density for a batch of samples given by value.
- Parameters
value – A batch of samples from the distribution.
- Returns
an array with shape value.shape[:-self.event_shape]
- Return type
Independent¶
- class Independent(*args, **kwargs)[source]¶
Bases:
numpyro.distributions.distribution.Distribution
Reinterprets batch dimensions of a distribution as event dims by shifting the batch-event dim boundary further to the left.
From a practical standpoint, this is useful when changing the result of
log_prob()
. For example, a univariate Normal distribution can be interpreted as a multivariate Normal with diagonal covariance:>>> import numpyro.distributions as dist >>> normal = dist.Normal(jnp.zeros(3), jnp.ones(3)) >>> [normal.batch_shape, normal.event_shape] [(3,), ()] >>> diag_normal = dist.Independent(normal, 1) >>> [diag_normal.batch_shape, diag_normal.event_shape] [(), (3,)]
- Parameters
base_distribution (numpyro.distribution.Distribution) – a distribution instance.
reinterpreted_batch_ndims (int) – the number of batch dims to reinterpret as event dims.
- arg_constraints = {}¶
- property support¶
- property has_enumerate_support¶
bool(x) -> bool
Returns True when the argument x is true, False otherwise. The builtins True and False are the only two instances of the class bool. The class bool is a subclass of the class int, and cannot be subclassed.
- property reparametrized_params¶
Built-in mutable sequence.
If no argument is given, the constructor creates a new empty list. The argument must be an iterable if specified.
- property mean¶
Mean of the distribution.
- property variance¶
Variance of the distribution.
- property has_rsample¶
- sample(key, sample_shape=())[source]¶
Returns a sample from the distribution having shape given by sample_shape + batch_shape + event_shape. Note that when sample_shape is non-empty, leading dimensions (of size sample_shape) of the returned sample will be filled with iid draws from the distribution instance.
- Parameters
key (jax.random.PRNGKey) – the rng_key key to be used for the distribution.
sample_shape (tuple) – the sample shape for the distribution.
- Returns
an array of shape sample_shape + batch_shape + event_shape
- Return type
- log_prob(value)[source]¶
Evaluates the log probability density for a batch of samples given by value.
- Parameters
value – A batch of samples from the distribution.
- Returns
an array with shape value.shape[:-self.event_shape]
- Return type
- expand(batch_shape)[source]¶
Returns a new
ExpandedDistribution
instance with batch dimensions expanded to batch_shape.- Parameters
batch_shape (tuple) – batch shape to expand to.
- Returns
an instance of ExpandedDistribution.
- Return type
MaskedDistribution¶
- class MaskedDistribution(*args, **kwargs)[source]¶
Bases:
numpyro.distributions.distribution.Distribution
Masks a distribution by a boolean array that is broadcastable to the distribution’s
Distribution.batch_shape
. In the special casemask is False
, computation oflog_prob()
, is skipped, and constant zero values are returned instead.- Parameters
mask (jnp.ndarray or bool) – A boolean or boolean-valued array.
- arg_constraints = {}¶
- property has_enumerate_support¶
bool(x) -> bool
Returns True when the argument x is true, False otherwise. The builtins True and False are the only two instances of the class bool. The class bool is a subclass of the class int, and cannot be subclassed.
- property has_rsample¶
- property support¶
- sample(key, sample_shape=())[source]¶
Returns a sample from the distribution having shape given by sample_shape + batch_shape + event_shape. Note that when sample_shape is non-empty, leading dimensions (of size sample_shape) of the returned sample will be filled with iid draws from the distribution instance.
- Parameters
key (jax.random.PRNGKey) – the rng_key key to be used for the distribution.
sample_shape (tuple) – the sample shape for the distribution.
- Returns
an array of shape sample_shape + batch_shape + event_shape
- Return type
- log_prob(value)[source]¶
Evaluates the log probability density for a batch of samples given by value.
- Parameters
value – A batch of samples from the distribution.
- Returns
an array with shape value.shape[:-self.event_shape]
- Return type
- enumerate_support(expand=True)[source]¶
Returns an array with shape len(support) x batch_shape containing all values in the support.
- property mean¶
Mean of the distribution.
- property variance¶
Variance of the distribution.
TransformedDistribution¶
- class TransformedDistribution(*args, **kwargs)[source]¶
Bases:
numpyro.distributions.distribution.Distribution
Returns a distribution instance obtained as a result of applying a sequence of transforms to a base distribution. For an example, see
LogNormal
andHalfNormal
.- Parameters
base_distribution – the base distribution over which to apply transforms.
transforms – a single transform or a list of transforms.
validate_args – Whether to enable validation of distribution parameters and arguments to .log_prob method.
- arg_constraints = {}¶
- property has_rsample¶
- property support¶
- sample(key, sample_shape=())[source]¶
Returns a sample from the distribution having shape given by sample_shape + batch_shape + event_shape. Note that when sample_shape is non-empty, leading dimensions (of size sample_shape) of the returned sample will be filled with iid draws from the distribution instance.
- Parameters
key (jax.random.PRNGKey) – the rng_key key to be used for the distribution.
sample_shape (tuple) – the sample shape for the distribution.
- Returns
an array of shape sample_shape + batch_shape + event_shape
- Return type
- sample_with_intermediates(key, sample_shape=())[source]¶
Same as
sample
except that any intermediate computations are returned (useful for TransformedDistribution).- Parameters
key (jax.random.PRNGKey) – the rng_key key to be used for the distribution.
sample_shape (tuple) – the sample shape for the distribution.
- Returns
an array of shape sample_shape + batch_shape + event_shape
- Return type
- log_prob(*args, **kwargs)¶
Evaluates the log probability density for a batch of samples given by value.
- Parameters
value – A batch of samples from the distribution.
- Returns
an array with shape value.shape[:-self.event_shape]
- Return type
- property mean¶
Mean of the distribution.
- property variance¶
Variance of the distribution.
Delta¶
- class Delta(*args, **kwargs)[source]¶
Bases:
numpyro.distributions.distribution.Distribution
- arg_constraints = {'log_density': <numpyro.distributions.constraints._Real object>, 'v': <numpyro.distributions.constraints._Dependent object>}¶
- reparametrized_params = ['v', 'log_density']¶
- property support¶
- sample(key, sample_shape=())[source]¶
Returns a sample from the distribution having shape given by sample_shape + batch_shape + event_shape. Note that when sample_shape is non-empty, leading dimensions (of size sample_shape) of the returned sample will be filled with iid draws from the distribution instance.
- Parameters
key (jax.random.PRNGKey) – the rng_key key to be used for the distribution.
sample_shape (tuple) – the sample shape for the distribution.
- Returns
an array of shape sample_shape + batch_shape + event_shape
- Return type
- log_prob(*args, **kwargs)¶
Evaluates the log probability density for a batch of samples given by value.
- Parameters
value – A batch of samples from the distribution.
- Returns
an array with shape value.shape[:-self.event_shape]
- Return type
- property mean¶
Mean of the distribution.
- property variance¶
Variance of the distribution.
Unit¶
- class Unit(*args, **kwargs)[source]¶
Bases:
numpyro.distributions.distribution.Distribution
Trivial nonnormalized distribution representing the unit type.
The unit type has a single value with no data, i.e.
value.size == 0
.This is used for
numpyro.factor()
statements.- arg_constraints = {'log_factor': <numpyro.distributions.constraints._Real object>}¶
- support = <numpyro.distributions.constraints._Real object>¶
- sample(key, sample_shape=())[source]¶
Returns a sample from the distribution having shape given by sample_shape + batch_shape + event_shape. Note that when sample_shape is non-empty, leading dimensions (of size sample_shape) of the returned sample will be filled with iid draws from the distribution instance.
- Parameters
key (jax.random.PRNGKey) – the rng_key key to be used for the distribution.
sample_shape (tuple) – the sample shape for the distribution.
- Returns
an array of shape sample_shape + batch_shape + event_shape
- Return type
Continuous Distributions¶
AsymmetricLaplace¶
- class AsymmetricLaplace(*args, **kwargs)[source]¶
Bases:
numpyro.distributions.distribution.Distribution
- arg_constraints = {'asymmetry': <numpyro.distributions.constraints._GreaterThan object>, 'loc': <numpyro.distributions.constraints._Real object>, 'scale': <numpyro.distributions.constraints._GreaterThan object>}¶
- reparametrized_params = ['loc', 'scale', 'asymmetry']¶
- support = <numpyro.distributions.constraints._Real object>¶
- log_prob(value)[source]¶
Evaluates the log probability density for a batch of samples given by value.
- Parameters
value – A batch of samples from the distribution.
- Returns
an array with shape value.shape[:-self.event_shape]
- Return type
- sample(key, sample_shape=())[source]¶
Returns a sample from the distribution having shape given by sample_shape + batch_shape + event_shape. Note that when sample_shape is non-empty, leading dimensions (of size sample_shape) of the returned sample will be filled with iid draws from the distribution instance.
- Parameters
key (jax.random.PRNGKey) – the rng_key key to be used for the distribution.
sample_shape (tuple) – the sample shape for the distribution.
- Returns
an array of shape sample_shape + batch_shape + event_shape
- Return type
- property mean¶
Mean of the distribution.
- property variance¶
Variance of the distribution.
AsymmetricLaplaceQuantile¶
- class AsymmetricLaplaceQuantile(*args, **kwargs)[source]¶
Bases:
numpyro.distributions.distribution.Distribution
An alternative parameterization of AsymmetricLaplace commonly applied in Bayesian quantile regression.
Instead of the asymmetry parameter employed by AsymmetricLaplace, to define the balance between left- versus right-hand sides of the distribution, this class utilizes a quantile parameter, which describes the proportion of probability density that falls to the left-hand side of the distribution.
The scale parameter is also interpreted slightly differently than in AsymmetricLaplce. When loc=0 and scale=1, AsymmetricLaplace(0,1,1) is equivalent to Laplace(0,1), while AsymmetricLaplaceQuantile(0,1,0.5) is equivalent to Laplace(0,2).
- arg_constraints = {'loc': <numpyro.distributions.constraints._Real object>, 'quantile': <numpyro.distributions.constraints._OpenInterval object>, 'scale': <numpyro.distributions.constraints._GreaterThan object>}¶
- reparametrized_params = ['loc', 'scale', 'quantile']¶
- support = <numpyro.distributions.constraints._Real object>¶
- log_prob(value)[source]¶
Evaluates the log probability density for a batch of samples given by value.
- Parameters
value – A batch of samples from the distribution.
- Returns
an array with shape value.shape[:-self.event_shape]
- Return type
- sample(key, sample_shape=())[source]¶
Returns a sample from the distribution having shape given by sample_shape + batch_shape + event_shape. Note that when sample_shape is non-empty, leading dimensions (of size sample_shape) of the returned sample will be filled with iid draws from the distribution instance.
- Parameters
key (jax.random.PRNGKey) – the rng_key key to be used for the distribution.
sample_shape (tuple) – the sample shape for the distribution.
- Returns
an array of shape sample_shape + batch_shape + event_shape
- Return type
- property mean¶
Mean of the distribution.
- property variance¶
Variance of the distribution.
Beta¶
- class Beta(*args, **kwargs)[source]¶
Bases:
numpyro.distributions.distribution.Distribution
- arg_constraints = {'concentration0': <numpyro.distributions.constraints._GreaterThan object>, 'concentration1': <numpyro.distributions.constraints._GreaterThan object>}¶
- reparametrized_params = ['concentration1', 'concentration0']¶
- support = <numpyro.distributions.constraints._Interval object>¶
- sample(key, sample_shape=())[source]¶
Returns a sample from the distribution having shape given by sample_shape + batch_shape + event_shape. Note that when sample_shape is non-empty, leading dimensions (of size sample_shape) of the returned sample will be filled with iid draws from the distribution instance.
- Parameters
key (jax.random.PRNGKey) – the rng_key key to be used for the distribution.
sample_shape (tuple) – the sample shape for the distribution.
- Returns
an array of shape sample_shape + batch_shape + event_shape
- Return type
- log_prob(*args, **kwargs)¶
Evaluates the log probability density for a batch of samples given by value.
- Parameters
value – A batch of samples from the distribution.
- Returns
an array with shape value.shape[:-self.event_shape]
- Return type
- property mean¶
Mean of the distribution.
- property variance¶
Variance of the distribution.
BetaProportion¶
- class BetaProportion(*args, **kwargs)[source]¶
Bases:
numpyro.distributions.continuous.Beta
The BetaProportion distribution is a reparameterization of the conventional Beta distribution in terms of a the variate mean and a precision parameter.
- Reference:
- Beta regression for modelling rates and proportion, Ferrari Silvia, and
Francisco Cribari-Neto. Journal of Applied Statistics 31.7 (2004): 799-815.
- arg_constraints = {'concentration': <numpyro.distributions.constraints._GreaterThan object>, 'mean': <numpyro.distributions.constraints._OpenInterval object>}¶
- reparametrized_params = ['mean', 'concentration']¶
- support = <numpyro.distributions.constraints._Interval object>¶
Cauchy¶
- class Cauchy(*args, **kwargs)[source]¶
Bases:
numpyro.distributions.distribution.Distribution
- arg_constraints = {'loc': <numpyro.distributions.constraints._Real object>, 'scale': <numpyro.distributions.constraints._GreaterThan object>}¶
- support = <numpyro.distributions.constraints._Real object>¶
- reparametrized_params = ['loc', 'scale']¶
- sample(key, sample_shape=())[source]¶
Returns a sample from the distribution having shape given by sample_shape + batch_shape + event_shape. Note that when sample_shape is non-empty, leading dimensions (of size sample_shape) of the returned sample will be filled with iid draws from the distribution instance.
- Parameters
key (jax.random.PRNGKey) – the rng_key key to be used for the distribution.
sample_shape (tuple) – the sample shape for the distribution.
- Returns
an array of shape sample_shape + batch_shape + event_shape
- Return type
- log_prob(*args, **kwargs)¶
Evaluates the log probability density for a batch of samples given by value.
- Parameters
value – A batch of samples from the distribution.
- Returns
an array with shape value.shape[:-self.event_shape]
- Return type
- property mean¶
Mean of the distribution.
- property variance¶
Variance of the distribution.
Chi2¶
- class Chi2(*args, **kwargs)[source]¶
Bases:
numpyro.distributions.continuous.Gamma
- arg_constraints = {'df': <numpyro.distributions.constraints._GreaterThan object>}¶
- reparametrized_params = ['df']¶
Dirichlet¶
- class Dirichlet(*args, **kwargs)[source]¶
Bases:
numpyro.distributions.distribution.Distribution
- arg_constraints = {'concentration': <numpyro.distributions.constraints._IndependentConstraint object>}¶
- reparametrized_params = ['concentration']¶
- support = <numpyro.distributions.constraints._Simplex object>¶
- sample(key, sample_shape=())[source]¶
Returns a sample from the distribution having shape given by sample_shape + batch_shape + event_shape. Note that when sample_shape is non-empty, leading dimensions (of size sample_shape) of the returned sample will be filled with iid draws from the distribution instance.
- Parameters
key (jax.random.PRNGKey) – the rng_key key to be used for the distribution.
sample_shape (tuple) – the sample shape for the distribution.
- Returns
an array of shape sample_shape + batch_shape + event_shape
- Return type
- log_prob(*args, **kwargs)¶
Evaluates the log probability density for a batch of samples given by value.
- Parameters
value – A batch of samples from the distribution.
- Returns
an array with shape value.shape[:-self.event_shape]
- Return type
- property mean¶
Mean of the distribution.
- property variance¶
Variance of the distribution.
- static infer_shapes(concentration)[source]¶
Infers
batch_shape
andevent_shape
given shapes of args to__init__()
.Note
This assumes distribution shape depends only on the shapes of tensor inputs, not in the data contained in those inputs.
- Parameters
*args – Positional args replacing each input arg with a tuple representing the sizes of each tensor input.
**kwargs – Keywords mapping name of input arg to tuple representing the sizes of each tensor input.
- Returns
A pair
(batch_shape, event_shape)
of the shapes of a distribution that would be created with input args of the given shapes.- Return type
Exponential¶
- class Exponential(*args, **kwargs)[source]¶
Bases:
numpyro.distributions.distribution.Distribution
- reparametrized_params = ['rate']¶
- arg_constraints = {'rate': <numpyro.distributions.constraints._GreaterThan object>}¶
- support = <numpyro.distributions.constraints._GreaterThan object>¶
- sample(key, sample_shape=())[source]¶
Returns a sample from the distribution having shape given by sample_shape + batch_shape + event_shape. Note that when sample_shape is non-empty, leading dimensions (of size sample_shape) of the returned sample will be filled with iid draws from the distribution instance.
- Parameters
key (jax.random.PRNGKey) – the rng_key key to be used for the distribution.
sample_shape (tuple) – the sample shape for the distribution.
- Returns
an array of shape sample_shape + batch_shape + event_shape
- Return type
- log_prob(*args, **kwargs)¶
Evaluates the log probability density for a batch of samples given by value.
- Parameters
value – A batch of samples from the distribution.
- Returns
an array with shape value.shape[:-self.event_shape]
- Return type
- property mean¶
Mean of the distribution.
- property variance¶
Variance of the distribution.
Gamma¶
- class Gamma(*args, **kwargs)[source]¶
Bases:
numpyro.distributions.distribution.Distribution
- arg_constraints = {'concentration': <numpyro.distributions.constraints._GreaterThan object>, 'rate': <numpyro.distributions.constraints._GreaterThan object>}¶
- support = <numpyro.distributions.constraints._GreaterThan object>¶
- reparametrized_params = ['concentration', 'rate']¶
- sample(key, sample_shape=())[source]¶
Returns a sample from the distribution having shape given by sample_shape + batch_shape + event_shape. Note that when sample_shape is non-empty, leading dimensions (of size sample_shape) of the returned sample will be filled with iid draws from the distribution instance.
- Parameters
key (jax.random.PRNGKey) – the rng_key key to be used for the distribution.
sample_shape (tuple) – the sample shape for the distribution.
- Returns
an array of shape sample_shape + batch_shape + event_shape
- Return type
- log_prob(*args, **kwargs)¶
Evaluates the log probability density for a batch of samples given by value.
- Parameters
value – A batch of samples from the distribution.
- Returns
an array with shape value.shape[:-self.event_shape]
- Return type
- property mean¶
Mean of the distribution.
- property variance¶
Variance of the distribution.
Gumbel¶
- class Gumbel(*args, **kwargs)[source]¶
Bases:
numpyro.distributions.distribution.Distribution
- arg_constraints = {'loc': <numpyro.distributions.constraints._Real object>, 'scale': <numpyro.distributions.constraints._GreaterThan object>}¶
- support = <numpyro.distributions.constraints._Real object>¶
- reparametrized_params = ['loc', 'scale']¶
- sample(key, sample_shape=())[source]¶
Returns a sample from the distribution having shape given by sample_shape + batch_shape + event_shape. Note that when sample_shape is non-empty, leading dimensions (of size sample_shape) of the returned sample will be filled with iid draws from the distribution instance.
- Parameters
key (jax.random.PRNGKey) – the rng_key key to be used for the distribution.
sample_shape (tuple) – the sample shape for the distribution.
- Returns
an array of shape sample_shape + batch_shape + event_shape
- Return type
- log_prob(*args, **kwargs)¶
Evaluates the log probability density for a batch of samples given by value.
- Parameters
value – A batch of samples from the distribution.
- Returns
an array with shape value.shape[:-self.event_shape]
- Return type
- property mean¶
Mean of the distribution.
- property variance¶
Variance of the distribution.
GaussianRandomWalk¶
- class GaussianRandomWalk(*args, **kwargs)[source]¶
Bases:
numpyro.distributions.distribution.Distribution
- arg_constraints = {'scale': <numpyro.distributions.constraints._GreaterThan object>}¶
- support = <numpyro.distributions.constraints._IndependentConstraint object>¶
- reparametrized_params = ['scale']¶
- sample(key, sample_shape=())[source]¶
Returns a sample from the distribution having shape given by sample_shape + batch_shape + event_shape. Note that when sample_shape is non-empty, leading dimensions (of size sample_shape) of the returned sample will be filled with iid draws from the distribution instance.
- Parameters
key (jax.random.PRNGKey) – the rng_key key to be used for the distribution.
sample_shape (tuple) – the sample shape for the distribution.
- Returns
an array of shape sample_shape + batch_shape + event_shape
- Return type
- log_prob(*args, **kwargs)¶
Evaluates the log probability density for a batch of samples given by value.
- Parameters
value – A batch of samples from the distribution.
- Returns
an array with shape value.shape[:-self.event_shape]
- Return type
- property mean¶
Mean of the distribution.
- property variance¶
Variance of the distribution.
HalfCauchy¶
- class HalfCauchy(*args, **kwargs)[source]¶
Bases:
numpyro.distributions.distribution.Distribution
- reparametrized_params = ['scale']¶
- support = <numpyro.distributions.constraints._GreaterThan object>¶
- arg_constraints = {'scale': <numpyro.distributions.constraints._GreaterThan object>}¶
- sample(key, sample_shape=())[source]¶
Returns a sample from the distribution having shape given by sample_shape + batch_shape + event_shape. Note that when sample_shape is non-empty, leading dimensions (of size sample_shape) of the returned sample will be filled with iid draws from the distribution instance.
- Parameters
key (jax.random.PRNGKey) – the rng_key key to be used for the distribution.
sample_shape (tuple) – the sample shape for the distribution.
- Returns
an array of shape sample_shape + batch_shape + event_shape
- Return type
- log_prob(*args, **kwargs)¶
Evaluates the log probability density for a batch of samples given by value.
- Parameters
value – A batch of samples from the distribution.
- Returns
an array with shape value.shape[:-self.event_shape]
- Return type
- cdf(value)[source]¶
The cummulative distribution function of this distribution.
- Parameters
value – samples from this distribution.
- Returns
output of the cummulative distribution function evaluated at value.
- icdf(q)[source]¶
The inverse cumulative distribution function of this distribution.
- Parameters
q – quantile values, should belong to [0, 1].
- Returns
the samples whose cdf values equals to q.
- property mean¶
Mean of the distribution.
- property variance¶
Variance of the distribution.
HalfNormal¶
- class HalfNormal(*args, **kwargs)[source]¶
Bases:
numpyro.distributions.distribution.Distribution
- reparametrized_params = ['scale']¶
- support = <numpyro.distributions.constraints._GreaterThan object>¶
- arg_constraints = {'scale': <numpyro.distributions.constraints._GreaterThan object>}¶
- sample(key, sample_shape=())[source]¶
Returns a sample from the distribution having shape given by sample_shape + batch_shape + event_shape. Note that when sample_shape is non-empty, leading dimensions (of size sample_shape) of the returned sample will be filled with iid draws from the distribution instance.
- Parameters
key (jax.random.PRNGKey) – the rng_key key to be used for the distribution.
sample_shape (tuple) – the sample shape for the distribution.
- Returns
an array of shape sample_shape + batch_shape + event_shape
- Return type
- log_prob(*args, **kwargs)¶
Evaluates the log probability density for a batch of samples given by value.
- Parameters
value – A batch of samples from the distribution.
- Returns
an array with shape value.shape[:-self.event_shape]
- Return type
- cdf(value)[source]¶
The cummulative distribution function of this distribution.
- Parameters
value – samples from this distribution.
- Returns
output of the cummulative distribution function evaluated at value.
- icdf(q)[source]¶
The inverse cumulative distribution function of this distribution.
- Parameters
q – quantile values, should belong to [0, 1].
- Returns
the samples whose cdf values equals to q.
- property mean¶
Mean of the distribution.
- property variance¶
Variance of the distribution.
InverseGamma¶
- class InverseGamma(*args, **kwargs)[source]¶
Bases:
numpyro.distributions.distribution.TransformedDistribution
Note
We keep the same notation rate as in Pyro but it plays the role of scale parameter of InverseGamma in literatures (e.g. wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverse-gamma_distribution)
- arg_constraints = {'concentration': <numpyro.distributions.constraints._GreaterThan object>, 'rate': <numpyro.distributions.constraints._GreaterThan object>}¶
- reparametrized_params = ['concentration', 'rate']¶
- support = <numpyro.distributions.constraints._GreaterThan object>¶
- property mean¶
Mean of the distribution.
- property variance¶
Variance of the distribution.
Kumaraswamy¶
- class Kumaraswamy(*args, **kwargs)[source]¶
Bases:
numpyro.distributions.distribution.TransformedDistribution
- arg_constraints = {'concentration0': <numpyro.distributions.constraints._GreaterThan object>, 'concentration1': <numpyro.distributions.constraints._GreaterThan object>}¶
- reparametrized_params = ['concentration1', 'concentration0']¶
- support = <numpyro.distributions.constraints._Interval object>¶
- KL_KUMARASWAMY_BETA_TAYLOR_ORDER = 10¶
- sample(key, sample_shape=())[source]¶
Returns a sample from the distribution having shape given by sample_shape + batch_shape + event_shape. Note that when sample_shape is non-empty, leading dimensions (of size sample_shape) of the returned sample will be filled with iid draws from the distribution instance.
- Parameters
key (jax.random.PRNGKey) – the rng_key key to be used for the distribution.
sample_shape (tuple) – the sample shape for the distribution.
- Returns
an array of shape sample_shape + batch_shape + event_shape
- Return type
- log_prob(*args, **kwargs)¶
Evaluates the log probability density for a batch of samples given by value.
- Parameters
value – A batch of samples from the distribution.
- Returns
an array with shape value.shape[:-self.event_shape]
- Return type
- property mean¶
Mean of the distribution.
- property variance¶
Variance of the distribution.
Laplace¶
- class Laplace(*args, **kwargs)[source]¶
Bases:
numpyro.distributions.distribution.Distribution
- arg_constraints = {'loc': <numpyro.distributions.constraints._Real object>, 'scale': <numpyro.distributions.constraints._GreaterThan object>}¶
- support = <numpyro.distributions.constraints._Real object>¶
- reparametrized_params = ['loc', 'scale']¶
- sample(key, sample_shape=())[source]¶
Returns a sample from the distribution having shape given by sample_shape + batch_shape + event_shape. Note that when sample_shape is non-empty, leading dimensions (of size sample_shape) of the returned sample will be filled with iid draws from the distribution instance.
- Parameters
key (jax.random.PRNGKey) – the rng_key key to be used for the distribution.
sample_shape (tuple) – the sample shape for the distribution.
- Returns
an array of shape sample_shape + batch_shape + event_shape
- Return type
- log_prob(*args, **kwargs)¶
Evaluates the log probability density for a batch of samples given by value.
- Parameters
value – A batch of samples from the distribution.
- Returns
an array with shape value.shape[:-self.event_shape]
- Return type
- property mean¶
Mean of the distribution.
- property variance¶
Variance of the distribution.
LKJ¶
- class LKJ(*args, **kwargs)[source]¶
Bases:
numpyro.distributions.distribution.TransformedDistribution
LKJ distribution for correlation matrices. The distribution is controlled by
concentration
parameter \(\eta\) to make the probability of the correlation matrix \(M\) proportional to \(\det(M)^{\eta - 1}\). Because of that, whenconcentration == 1
, we have a uniform distribution over correlation matrices.When
concentration > 1
, the distribution favors samples with large large determinent. This is useful when we know a priori that the underlying variables are not correlated.When
concentration < 1
, the distribution favors samples with small determinent. This is useful when we know a priori that some underlying variables are correlated.Sample code for using LKJ in the context of multivariate normal sample:
def model(y): # y has dimension N x d d = y.shape[1] N = y.shape[0] # Vector of variances for each of the d variables theta = numpyro.sample("theta", dist.HalfCauchy(jnp.ones(d))) concentration = jnp.ones(1) # Implies a uniform distribution over correlation matrices corr_mat = numpyro.sample("corr_mat", dist.LKJ(d, concentration)) sigma = jnp.sqrt(theta) # we can also use a faster formula `cov_mat = jnp.outer(theta, theta) * corr_mat` cov_mat = jnp.matmul(jnp.matmul(jnp.diag(sigma), corr_mat), jnp.diag(sigma)) # Vector of expectations mu = jnp.zeros(d) with numpyro.plate("observations", N): obs = numpyro.sample("obs", dist.MultivariateNormal(mu, covariance_matrix=cov_mat), obs=y) return obs
- Parameters
dimension (int) – dimension of the matrices
concentration (ndarray) – concentration/shape parameter of the distribution (often referred to as eta)
sample_method (str) – Either “cvine” or “onion”. Both methods are proposed in [1] and offer the same distribution over correlation matrices. But they are different in how to generate samples. Defaults to “onion”.
References
[1] Generating random correlation matrices based on vines and extended onion method, Daniel Lewandowski, Dorota Kurowicka, Harry Joe
- arg_constraints = {'concentration': <numpyro.distributions.constraints._GreaterThan object>}¶
- reparametrized_params = ['concentration']¶
- support = <numpyro.distributions.constraints._CorrMatrix object>¶
- property mean¶
Mean of the distribution.
LKJCholesky¶
- class LKJCholesky(*args, **kwargs)[source]¶
Bases:
numpyro.distributions.distribution.Distribution
LKJ distribution for lower Cholesky factors of correlation matrices. The distribution is controlled by
concentration
parameter \(\eta\) to make the probability of the correlation matrix \(M\) generated from a Cholesky factor propotional to \(\det(M)^{\eta - 1}\). Because of that, whenconcentration == 1
, we have a uniform distribution over Cholesky factors of correlation matrices.When
concentration > 1
, the distribution favors samples with large diagonal entries (hence large determinent). This is useful when we know a priori that the underlying variables are not correlated.When
concentration < 1
, the distribution favors samples with small diagonal entries (hence small determinent). This is useful when we know a priori that some underlying variables are correlated.Sample code for using LKJCholesky in the context of multivariate normal sample:
def model(y): # y has dimension N x d d = y.shape[1] N = y.shape[0] # Vector of variances for each of the d variables theta = numpyro.sample("theta", dist.HalfCauchy(jnp.ones(d))) # Lower cholesky factor of a correlation matrix concentration = jnp.ones(1) # Implies a uniform distribution over correlation matrices L_omega = numpyro.sample("L_omega", dist.LKJCholesky(d, concentration)) # Lower cholesky factor of the covariance matrix sigma = jnp.sqrt(theta) # we can also use a faster formula `L_Omega = sigma[..., None] * L_omega` L_Omega = jnp.matmul(jnp.diag(sigma), L_omega) # Vector of expectations mu = jnp.zeros(d) with numpyro.plate("observations", N): obs = numpyro.sample("obs", dist.MultivariateNormal(mu, scale_tril=L_Omega), obs=y) return obs
- Parameters
dimension (int) – dimension of the matrices
concentration (ndarray) – concentration/shape parameter of the distribution (often referred to as eta)
sample_method (str) – Either “cvine” or “onion”. Both methods are proposed in [1] and offer the same distribution over correlation matrices. But they are different in how to generate samples. Defaults to “onion”.
References
[1] Generating random correlation matrices based on vines and extended onion method, Daniel Lewandowski, Dorota Kurowicka, Harry Joe
- arg_constraints = {'concentration': <numpyro.distributions.constraints._GreaterThan object>}¶
- reparametrized_params = ['concentration']¶
- support = <numpyro.distributions.constraints._CorrCholesky object>¶
- sample(key, sample_shape=())[source]¶
Returns a sample from the distribution having shape given by sample_shape + batch_shape + event_shape. Note that when sample_shape is non-empty, leading dimensions (of size sample_shape) of the returned sample will be filled with iid draws from the distribution instance.
- Parameters
key (jax.random.PRNGKey) – the rng_key key to be used for the distribution.
sample_shape (tuple) – the sample shape for the distribution.
- Returns
an array of shape sample_shape + batch_shape + event_shape
- Return type
- log_prob(*args, **kwargs)¶
Evaluates the log probability density for a batch of samples given by value.
- Parameters
value – A batch of samples from the distribution.
- Returns
an array with shape value.shape[:-self.event_shape]
- Return type
LogNormal¶
- class LogNormal(*args, **kwargs)[source]¶
Bases:
numpyro.distributions.distribution.TransformedDistribution
- arg_constraints = {'loc': <numpyro.distributions.constraints._Real object>, 'scale': <numpyro.distributions.constraints._GreaterThan object>}¶
- support = <numpyro.distributions.constraints._GreaterThan object>¶
- reparametrized_params = ['loc', 'scale']¶
- property mean¶
Mean of the distribution.
- property variance¶
Variance of the distribution.
Logistic¶
- class Logistic(*args, **kwargs)[source]¶
Bases:
numpyro.distributions.distribution.Distribution
- arg_constraints = {'loc': <numpyro.distributions.constraints._Real object>, 'scale': <numpyro.distributions.constraints._GreaterThan object>}¶
- support = <numpyro.distributions.constraints._Real object>¶
- reparametrized_params = ['loc', 'scale']¶
- sample(key, sample_shape=())[source]¶
Returns a sample from the distribution having shape given by sample_shape + batch_shape + event_shape. Note that when sample_shape is non-empty, leading dimensions (of size sample_shape) of the returned sample will be filled with iid draws from the distribution instance.
- Parameters
key (jax.random.PRNGKey) – the rng_key key to be used for the distribution.
sample_shape (tuple) – the sample shape for the distribution.
- Returns
an array of shape sample_shape + batch_shape + event_shape
- Return type
- log_prob(*args, **kwargs)¶
Evaluates the log probability density for a batch of samples given by value.
- Parameters
value – A batch of samples from the distribution.
- Returns
an array with shape value.shape[:-self.event_shape]
- Return type
- property mean¶
Mean of the distribution.
- property variance¶
Variance of the distribution.
MultivariateNormal¶
- class MultivariateNormal(*args, **kwargs)[source]¶
Bases:
numpyro.distributions.distribution.Distribution
- arg_constraints = {'covariance_matrix': <numpyro.distributions.constraints._PositiveDefinite object>, 'loc': <numpyro.distributions.constraints._IndependentConstraint object>, 'precision_matrix': <numpyro.distributions.constraints._PositiveDefinite object>, 'scale_tril': <numpyro.distributions.constraints._LowerCholesky object>}¶
- support = <numpyro.distributions.constraints._IndependentConstraint object>¶
- reparametrized_params = ['loc', 'covariance_matrix', 'precision_matrix', 'scale_tril']¶
- sample(key, sample_shape=())[source]¶
Returns a sample from the distribution having shape given by sample_shape + batch_shape + event_shape. Note that when sample_shape is non-empty, leading dimensions (of size sample_shape) of the returned sample will be filled with iid draws from the distribution instance.
- Parameters
key (jax.random.PRNGKey) – the rng_key key to be used for the distribution.
sample_shape (tuple) – the sample shape for the distribution.
- Returns
an array of shape sample_shape + batch_shape + event_shape
- Return type
- log_prob(*args, **kwargs)¶
Evaluates the log probability density for a batch of samples given by value.
- Parameters
value – A batch of samples from the distribution.
- Returns
an array with shape value.shape[:-self.event_shape]
- Return type
- property mean¶
Mean of the distribution.
- property variance¶
Variance of the distribution.
- static infer_shapes(loc=(), covariance_matrix=None, precision_matrix=None, scale_tril=None)[source]¶
Infers
batch_shape
andevent_shape
given shapes of args to__init__()
.Note
This assumes distribution shape depends only on the shapes of tensor inputs, not in the data contained in those inputs.
- Parameters
*args – Positional args replacing each input arg with a tuple representing the sizes of each tensor input.
**kwargs – Keywords mapping name of input arg to tuple representing the sizes of each tensor input.
- Returns
A pair
(batch_shape, event_shape)
of the shapes of a distribution that would be created with input args of the given shapes.- Return type
MultivariateStudentT¶
- class MultivariateStudentT(*args, **kwargs)[source]¶
Bases:
numpyro.distributions.distribution.Distribution
- arg_constraints = {'df': <numpyro.distributions.constraints._GreaterThan object>, 'loc': <numpyro.distributions.constraints._IndependentConstraint object>, 'scale_tril': <numpyro.distributions.constraints._LowerCholesky object>}¶
- support = <numpyro.distributions.constraints._IndependentConstraint object>¶
- reparametrized_params = ['df', 'loc', 'scale_tril']¶
- sample(key, sample_shape=())[source]¶
Returns a sample from the distribution having shape given by sample_shape + batch_shape + event_shape. Note that when sample_shape is non-empty, leading dimensions (of size sample_shape) of the returned sample will be filled with iid draws from the distribution instance.
- Parameters
key (jax.random.PRNGKey) – the rng_key key to be used for the distribution.
sample_shape (tuple) – the sample shape for the distribution.
- Returns
an array of shape sample_shape + batch_shape + event_shape
- Return type
- log_prob(*args, **kwargs)¶
Evaluates the log probability density for a batch of samples given by value.
- Parameters
value – A batch of samples from the distribution.
- Returns
an array with shape value.shape[:-self.event_shape]
- Return type
- property mean¶
Mean of the distribution.
- property variance¶
Variance of the distribution.
- static infer_shapes(df, loc, scale_tril)[source]¶
Infers
batch_shape
andevent_shape
given shapes of args to__init__()
.Note
This assumes distribution shape depends only on the shapes of tensor inputs, not in the data contained in those inputs.
- Parameters
*args – Positional args replacing each input arg with a tuple representing the sizes of each tensor input.
**kwargs – Keywords mapping name of input arg to tuple representing the sizes of each tensor input.
- Returns
A pair
(batch_shape, event_shape)
of the shapes of a distribution that would be created with input args of the given shapes.- Return type
LowRankMultivariateNormal¶
- class LowRankMultivariateNormal(*args, **kwargs)[source]¶
Bases:
numpyro.distributions.distribution.Distribution
- arg_constraints = {'cov_diag': <numpyro.distributions.constraints._IndependentConstraint object>, 'cov_factor': <numpyro.distributions.constraints._IndependentConstraint object>, 'loc': <numpyro.distributions.constraints._IndependentConstraint object>}¶
- support = <numpyro.distributions.constraints._IndependentConstraint object>¶
- reparametrized_params = ['loc', 'cov_factor', 'cov_diag']¶
- property mean¶
Mean of the distribution.
- sample(key, sample_shape=())[source]¶
Returns a sample from the distribution having shape given by sample_shape + batch_shape + event_shape. Note that when sample_shape is non-empty, leading dimensions (of size sample_shape) of the returned sample will be filled with iid draws from the distribution instance.
- Parameters
key (jax.random.PRNGKey) – the rng_key key to be used for the distribution.
sample_shape (tuple) – the sample shape for the distribution.
- Returns
an array of shape sample_shape + batch_shape + event_shape
- Return type
- log_prob(*args, **kwargs)¶
Evaluates the log probability density for a batch of samples given by value.
- Parameters
value – A batch of samples from the distribution.
- Returns
an array with shape value.shape[:-self.event_shape]
- Return type
- static infer_shapes(loc, cov_factor, cov_diag)[source]¶
Infers
batch_shape
andevent_shape
given shapes of args to__init__()
.Note
This assumes distribution shape depends only on the shapes of tensor inputs, not in the data contained in those inputs.
- Parameters
*args – Positional args replacing each input arg with a tuple representing the sizes of each tensor input.
**kwargs – Keywords mapping name of input arg to tuple representing the sizes of each tensor input.
- Returns
A pair
(batch_shape, event_shape)
of the shapes of a distribution that would be created with input args of the given shapes.- Return type
Normal¶
- class Normal(*args, **kwargs)[source]¶
Bases:
numpyro.distributions.distribution.Distribution
- arg_constraints = {'loc': <numpyro.distributions.constraints._Real object>, 'scale': <numpyro.distributions.constraints._GreaterThan object>}¶
- support = <numpyro.distributions.constraints._Real object>¶
- reparametrized_params = ['loc', 'scale']¶
- sample(key, sample_shape=())[source]¶
Returns a sample from the distribution having shape given by sample_shape + batch_shape + event_shape. Note that when sample_shape is non-empty, leading dimensions (of size sample_shape) of the returned sample will be filled with iid draws from the distribution instance.
- Parameters
key (jax.random.PRNGKey) – the rng_key key to be used for the distribution.
sample_shape (tuple) – the sample shape for the distribution.
- Returns
an array of shape sample_shape + batch_shape + event_shape
- Return type
- log_prob(*args, **kwargs)¶
Evaluates the log probability density for a batch of samples given by value.
- Parameters
value – A batch of samples from the distribution.
- Returns
an array with shape value.shape[:-self.event_shape]
- Return type
- cdf(value)[source]¶
The cummulative distribution function of this distribution.
- Parameters
value – samples from this distribution.
- Returns
output of the cummulative distribution function evaluated at value.
- icdf(q)[source]¶
The inverse cumulative distribution function of this distribution.
- Parameters
q – quantile values, should belong to [0, 1].
- Returns
the samples whose cdf values equals to q.
- property mean¶
Mean of the distribution.
- property variance¶
Variance of the distribution.
Pareto¶
- class Pareto(*args, **kwargs)[source]¶
Bases:
numpyro.distributions.distribution.TransformedDistribution
- arg_constraints = {'alpha': <numpyro.distributions.constraints._GreaterThan object>, 'scale': <numpyro.distributions.constraints._GreaterThan object>}¶
- reparametrized_params = ['scale', 'alpha']¶
- property mean¶
Mean of the distribution.
- property variance¶
Variance of the distribution.
- property support¶
- cdf(value)[source]¶
The cummulative distribution function of this distribution.
- Parameters
value – samples from this distribution.
- Returns
output of the cummulative distribution function evaluated at value.
RelaxedBernoulli¶
RelaxedBernoulliLogits¶
- class RelaxedBernoulliLogits(*args, **kwargs)[source]¶
Bases:
numpyro.distributions.distribution.TransformedDistribution
- arg_constraints = {'logits': <numpyro.distributions.constraints._Real object>, 'temperature': <numpyro.distributions.constraints._GreaterThan object>}¶
- support = <numpyro.distributions.constraints._Interval object>¶
SoftLaplace¶
- class SoftLaplace(*args, **kwargs)[source]¶
Bases:
numpyro.distributions.distribution.Distribution
Smooth distribution with Laplace-like tail behavior.
This distribution corresponds to the log-convex density:
z = (value - loc) / scale log_prob = log(2 / pi) - log(scale) - logaddexp(z, -z)
Like the Laplace density, this density has the heaviest possible tails (asymptotically) while still being log-convex. Unlike the Laplace distribution, this distribution is infinitely differentiable everywhere, and is thus suitable for HMC and Laplace approximation.
- Parameters
loc – Location parameter.
scale – Scale parameter.
- arg_constraints = {'loc': <numpyro.distributions.constraints._Real object>, 'scale': <numpyro.distributions.constraints._GreaterThan object>}¶
- support = <numpyro.distributions.constraints._Real object>¶
- reparametrized_params = ['loc', 'scale']¶
- log_prob(*args, **kwargs)¶
Evaluates the log probability density for a batch of samples given by value.
- Parameters
value – A batch of samples from the distribution.
- Returns
an array with shape value.shape[:-self.event_shape]
- Return type
- sample(key, sample_shape=())[source]¶
Returns a sample from the distribution having shape given by sample_shape + batch_shape + event_shape. Note that when sample_shape is non-empty, leading dimensions (of size sample_shape) of the returned sample will be filled with iid draws from the distribution instance.
- Parameters
key (jax.random.PRNGKey) – the rng_key key to be used for the distribution.
sample_shape (tuple) – the sample shape for the distribution.
- Returns
an array of shape sample_shape + batch_shape + event_shape
- Return type
- cdf(value)[source]¶
The cummulative distribution function of this distribution.
- Parameters
value – samples from this distribution.
- Returns
output of the cummulative distribution function evaluated at value.
- icdf(value)[source]¶
The inverse cumulative distribution function of this distribution.
- Parameters
q – quantile values, should belong to [0, 1].
- Returns
the samples whose cdf values equals to q.
- property mean¶
Mean of the distribution.
- property variance¶
Variance of the distribution.
StudentT¶
- class StudentT(*args, **kwargs)[source]¶
Bases:
numpyro.distributions.distribution.Distribution
- arg_constraints = {'df': <numpyro.distributions.constraints._GreaterThan object>, 'loc': <numpyro.distributions.constraints._Real object>, 'scale': <numpyro.distributions.constraints._GreaterThan object>}¶
- support = <numpyro.distributions.constraints._Real object>¶
- reparametrized_params = ['df', 'loc', 'scale']¶
- sample(key, sample_shape=())[source]¶
Returns a sample from the distribution having shape given by sample_shape + batch_shape + event_shape. Note that when sample_shape is non-empty, leading dimensions (of size sample_shape) of the returned sample will be filled with iid draws from the distribution instance.
- Parameters
key (jax.random.PRNGKey) – the rng_key key to be used for the distribution.
sample_shape (tuple) – the sample shape for the distribution.
- Returns
an array of shape sample_shape + batch_shape + event_shape
- Return type
- log_prob(*args, **kwargs)¶
Evaluates the log probability density for a batch of samples given by value.
- Parameters
value – A batch of samples from the distribution.
- Returns
an array with shape value.shape[:-self.event_shape]
- Return type
- property mean¶
Mean of the distribution.
- property variance¶
Variance of the distribution.
Uniform¶
- class Uniform(*args, **kwargs)[source]¶
Bases:
numpyro.distributions.distribution.Distribution
- arg_constraints = {'high': <numpyro.distributions.constraints._Dependent object>, 'low': <numpyro.distributions.constraints._Dependent object>}¶
- reparametrized_params = ['low', 'high']¶
- property support¶
- sample(key, sample_shape=())[source]¶
Returns a sample from the distribution having shape given by sample_shape + batch_shape + event_shape. Note that when sample_shape is non-empty, leading dimensions (of size sample_shape) of the returned sample will be filled with iid draws from the distribution instance.
- Parameters
key (jax.random.PRNGKey) – the rng_key key to be used for the distribution.
sample_shape (tuple) – the sample shape for the distribution.
- Returns
an array of shape sample_shape + batch_shape + event_shape
- Return type
- log_prob(*args, **kwargs)¶
Evaluates the log probability density for a batch of samples given by value.
- Parameters
value – A batch of samples from the distribution.
- Returns
an array with shape value.shape[:-self.event_shape]
- Return type
- cdf(value)[source]¶
The cummulative distribution function of this distribution.
- Parameters
value – samples from this distribution.
- Returns
output of the cummulative distribution function evaluated at value.
- icdf(value)[source]¶
The inverse cumulative distribution function of this distribution.
- Parameters
q – quantile values, should belong to [0, 1].
- Returns
the samples whose cdf values equals to q.
- property mean¶
Mean of the distribution.
- property variance¶
Variance of the distribution.
- static infer_shapes(low=(), high=())[source]¶
Infers
batch_shape
andevent_shape
given shapes of args to__init__()
.Note
This assumes distribution shape depends only on the shapes of tensor inputs, not in the data contained in those inputs.
- Parameters
*args – Positional args replacing each input arg with a tuple representing the sizes of each tensor input.
**kwargs – Keywords mapping name of input arg to tuple representing the sizes of each tensor input.
- Returns
A pair
(batch_shape, event_shape)
of the shapes of a distribution that would be created with input args of the given shapes.- Return type
Weibull¶
- class Weibull(*args, **kwargs)[source]¶
Bases:
numpyro.distributions.distribution.Distribution
- arg_constraints = {'concentration': <numpyro.distributions.constraints._GreaterThan object>, 'scale': <numpyro.distributions.constraints._GreaterThan object>}¶
- support = <numpyro.distributions.constraints._GreaterThan object>¶
- reparametrized_params = ['scale', 'concentration']¶
- sample(key, sample_shape=())[source]¶
Returns a sample from the distribution having shape given by sample_shape + batch_shape + event_shape. Note that when sample_shape is non-empty, leading dimensions (of size sample_shape) of the returned sample will be filled with iid draws from the distribution instance.
- Parameters
key (jax.random.PRNGKey) – the rng_key key to be used for the distribution.
sample_shape (tuple) – the sample shape for the distribution.
- Returns
an array of shape sample_shape + batch_shape + event_shape
- Return type
- log_prob(*args, **kwargs)¶
Evaluates the log probability density for a batch of samples given by value.
- Parameters
value – A batch of samples from the distribution.
- Returns
an array with shape value.shape[:-self.event_shape]
- Return type
- cdf(value)[source]¶
The cummulative distribution function of this distribution.
- Parameters
value – samples from this distribution.
- Returns
output of the cummulative distribution function evaluated at value.
- property mean¶
Mean of the distribution.
- property variance¶
Variance of the distribution.
Discrete Distributions¶
BernoulliLogits¶
- class BernoulliLogits(*args, **kwargs)[source]¶
Bases:
numpyro.distributions.distribution.Distribution
- arg_constraints = {'logits': <numpyro.distributions.constraints._Real object>}¶
- support = <numpyro.distributions.constraints._Boolean object>¶
- has_enumerate_support = True¶
- sample(key, sample_shape=())[source]¶
Returns a sample from the distribution having shape given by sample_shape + batch_shape + event_shape. Note that when sample_shape is non-empty, leading dimensions (of size sample_shape) of the returned sample will be filled with iid draws from the distribution instance.
- Parameters
key (jax.random.PRNGKey) – the rng_key key to be used for the distribution.
sample_shape (tuple) – the sample shape for the distribution.
- Returns
an array of shape sample_shape + batch_shape + event_shape
- Return type
- log_prob(*args, **kwargs)¶
Evaluates the log probability density for a batch of samples given by value.
- Parameters
value – A batch of samples from the distribution.
- Returns
an array with shape value.shape[:-self.event_shape]
- Return type
- property mean¶
Mean of the distribution.
- property variance¶
Variance of the distribution.
BernoulliProbs¶
- class BernoulliProbs(*args, **kwargs)[source]¶
Bases:
numpyro.distributions.distribution.Distribution
- arg_constraints = {'probs': <numpyro.distributions.constraints._Interval object>}¶
- support = <numpyro.distributions.constraints._Boolean object>¶
- has_enumerate_support = True¶
- sample(key, sample_shape=())[source]¶
Returns a sample from the distribution having shape given by sample_shape + batch_shape + event_shape. Note that when sample_shape is non-empty, leading dimensions (of size sample_shape) of the returned sample will be filled with iid draws from the distribution instance.
- Parameters
key (jax.random.PRNGKey) – the rng_key key to be used for the distribution.
sample_shape (tuple) – the sample shape for the distribution.
- Returns
an array of shape sample_shape + batch_shape + event_shape
- Return type
- log_prob(*args, **kwargs)¶
Evaluates the log probability density for a batch of samples given by value.
- Parameters
value – A batch of samples from the distribution.
- Returns
an array with shape value.shape[:-self.event_shape]
- Return type
- property mean¶
Mean of the distribution.
- property variance¶
Variance of the distribution.
BetaBinomial¶
- class BetaBinomial(*args, **kwargs)[source]¶
Bases:
numpyro.distributions.distribution.Distribution
Compound distribution comprising of a beta-binomial pair. The probability of success (
probs
for theBinomial
distribution) is unknown and randomly drawn from aBeta
distribution prior to a certain number of Bernoulli trials given bytotal_count
.- Parameters
concentration1 (numpy.ndarray) – 1st concentration parameter (alpha) for the Beta distribution.
concentration0 (numpy.ndarray) – 2nd concentration parameter (beta) for the Beta distribution.
total_count (numpy.ndarray) – number of Bernoulli trials.
- arg_constraints = {'concentration0': <numpyro.distributions.constraints._GreaterThan object>, 'concentration1': <numpyro.distributions.constraints._GreaterThan object>, 'total_count': <numpyro.distributions.constraints._IntegerGreaterThan object>}¶
- has_enumerate_support = True¶
- enumerate_support(expand=True)¶
Returns an array with shape len(support) x batch_shape containing all values in the support.
- sample(key, sample_shape=())[source]¶
Returns a sample from the distribution having shape given by sample_shape + batch_shape + event_shape. Note that when sample_shape is non-empty, leading dimensions (of size sample_shape) of the returned sample will be filled with iid draws from the distribution instance.
- Parameters
key (jax.random.PRNGKey) – the rng_key key to be used for the distribution.
sample_shape (tuple) – the sample shape for the distribution.
- Returns
an array of shape sample_shape + batch_shape + event_shape
- Return type
- log_prob(*args, **kwargs)¶
Evaluates the log probability density for a batch of samples given by value.
- Parameters
value – A batch of samples from the distribution.
- Returns
an array with shape value.shape[:-self.event_shape]
- Return type
- property mean¶
Mean of the distribution.
- property variance¶
Variance of the distribution.
- property support¶
BinomialLogits¶
- class BinomialLogits(*args, **kwargs)[source]¶
Bases:
numpyro.distributions.distribution.Distribution
- arg_constraints = {'logits': <numpyro.distributions.constraints._Real object>, 'total_count': <numpyro.distributions.constraints._IntegerGreaterThan object>}¶
- has_enumerate_support = True¶
- enumerate_support(expand=True)¶
Returns an array with shape len(support) x batch_shape containing all values in the support.
- sample(key, sample_shape=())[source]¶
Returns a sample from the distribution having shape given by sample_shape + batch_shape + event_shape. Note that when sample_shape is non-empty, leading dimensions (of size sample_shape) of the returned sample will be filled with iid draws from the distribution instance.
- Parameters
key (jax.random.PRNGKey) – the rng_key key to be used for the distribution.
sample_shape (tuple) – the sample shape for the distribution.
- Returns
an array of shape sample_shape + batch_shape + event_shape
- Return type
- log_prob(*args, **kwargs)¶
Evaluates the log probability density for a batch of samples given by value.
- Parameters
value – A batch of samples from the distribution.
- Returns
an array with shape value.shape[:-self.event_shape]
- Return type
- property mean¶
Mean of the distribution.
- property variance¶
Variance of the distribution.
- property support¶
BinomialProbs¶
- class BinomialProbs(*args, **kwargs)[source]¶
Bases:
numpyro.distributions.distribution.Distribution
- arg_constraints = {'probs': <numpyro.distributions.constraints._Interval object>, 'total_count': <numpyro.distributions.constraints._IntegerGreaterThan object>}¶
- has_enumerate_support = True¶
- sample(key, sample_shape=())[source]¶
Returns a sample from the distribution having shape given by sample_shape + batch_shape + event_shape. Note that when sample_shape is non-empty, leading dimensions (of size sample_shape) of the returned sample will be filled with iid draws from the distribution instance.
- Parameters
key (jax.random.PRNGKey) – the rng_key key to be used for the distribution.
sample_shape (tuple) – the sample shape for the distribution.
- Returns
an array of shape sample_shape + batch_shape + event_shape
- Return type
- log_prob(*args, **kwargs)¶
Evaluates the log probability density for a batch of samples given by value.
- Parameters
value – A batch of samples from the distribution.
- Returns
an array with shape value.shape[:-self.event_shape]
- Return type
- property mean¶
Mean of the distribution.
- property variance¶
Variance of the distribution.
- property support¶
CategoricalLogits¶
- class CategoricalLogits(*args, **kwargs)[source]¶
Bases:
numpyro.distributions.distribution.Distribution
- arg_constraints = {'logits': <numpyro.distributions.constraints._IndependentConstraint object>}¶
- has_enumerate_support = True¶
- sample(key, sample_shape=())[source]¶
Returns a sample from the distribution having shape given by sample_shape + batch_shape + event_shape. Note that when sample_shape is non-empty, leading dimensions (of size sample_shape) of the returned sample will be filled with iid draws from the distribution instance.
- Parameters
key (jax.random.PRNGKey) – the rng_key key to be used for the distribution.
sample_shape (tuple) – the sample shape for the distribution.
- Returns
an array of shape sample_shape + batch_shape + event_shape
- Return type
- log_prob(*args, **kwargs)¶
Evaluates the log probability density for a batch of samples given by value.
- Parameters
value – A batch of samples from the distribution.
- Returns
an array with shape value.shape[:-self.event_shape]
- Return type
- property mean¶
Mean of the distribution.
- property variance¶
Variance of the distribution.
- property support¶
CategoricalProbs¶
- class CategoricalProbs(*args, **kwargs)[source]¶
Bases:
numpyro.distributions.distribution.Distribution
- arg_constraints = {'probs': <numpyro.distributions.constraints._Simplex object>}¶
- has_enumerate_support = True¶
- sample(key, sample_shape=())[source]¶
Returns a sample from the distribution having shape given by sample_shape + batch_shape + event_shape. Note that when sample_shape is non-empty, leading dimensions (of size sample_shape) of the returned sample will be filled with iid draws from the distribution instance.
- Parameters
key (jax.random.PRNGKey) – the rng_key key to be used for the distribution.
sample_shape (tuple) – the sample shape for the distribution.
- Returns
an array of shape sample_shape + batch_shape + event_shape
- Return type
- log_prob(*args, **kwargs)¶
Evaluates the log probability density for a batch of samples given by value.
- Parameters
value – A batch of samples from the distribution.
- Returns
an array with shape value.shape[:-self.event_shape]
- Return type
- property mean¶
Mean of the distribution.
- property variance¶
Variance of the distribution.
- property support¶
DirichletMultinomial¶
- class DirichletMultinomial(*args, **kwargs)[source]¶
Bases:
numpyro.distributions.distribution.Distribution
Compound distribution comprising of a dirichlet-multinomial pair. The probability of classes (
probs
for theMultinomial
distribution) is unknown and randomly drawn from aDirichlet
distribution prior to a certain number of Categorical trials given bytotal_count
.- Parameters
concentration (numpy.ndarray) – concentration parameter (alpha) for the Dirichlet distribution.
total_count (numpy.ndarray) – number of Categorical trials.
- arg_constraints = {'concentration': <numpyro.distributions.constraints._IndependentConstraint object>, 'total_count': <numpyro.distributions.constraints._IntegerGreaterThan object>}¶
- sample(key, sample_shape=())[source]¶
Returns a sample from the distribution having shape given by sample_shape + batch_shape + event_shape. Note that when sample_shape is non-empty, leading dimensions (of size sample_shape) of the returned sample will be filled with iid draws from the distribution instance.
- Parameters
key (jax.random.PRNGKey) – the rng_key key to be used for the distribution.
sample_shape (tuple) – the sample shape for the distribution.
- Returns
an array of shape sample_shape + batch_shape + event_shape
- Return type
- log_prob(*args, **kwargs)¶
Evaluates the log probability density for a batch of samples given by value.
- Parameters
value – A batch of samples from the distribution.
- Returns
an array with shape value.shape[:-self.event_shape]
- Return type
- property mean¶
Mean of the distribution.
- property variance¶
Variance of the distribution.
- property support¶
- static infer_shapes(concentration, total_count=())[source]¶
Infers
batch_shape
andevent_shape
given shapes of args to__init__()
.Note
This assumes distribution shape depends only on the shapes of tensor inputs, not in the data contained in those inputs.
- Parameters
*args – Positional args replacing each input arg with a tuple representing the sizes of each tensor input.
**kwargs – Keywords mapping name of input arg to tuple representing the sizes of each tensor input.
- Returns
A pair
(batch_shape, event_shape)
of the shapes of a distribution that would be created with input args of the given shapes.- Return type
DiscreteUniform¶
- class DiscreteUniform(*args, **kwargs)[source]¶
Bases:
numpyro.distributions.distribution.Distribution
- arg_constraints = {'high': <numpyro.distributions.constraints._Dependent object>, 'low': <numpyro.distributions.constraints._Dependent object>}¶
- has_enumerate_support = True¶
- property support¶
- sample(key, sample_shape=())[source]¶
Returns a sample from the distribution having shape given by sample_shape + batch_shape + event_shape. Note that when sample_shape is non-empty, leading dimensions (of size sample_shape) of the returned sample will be filled with iid draws from the distribution instance.
- Parameters
key (jax.random.PRNGKey) – the rng_key key to be used for the distribution.
sample_shape (tuple) – the sample shape for the distribution.
- Returns
an array of shape sample_shape + batch_shape + event_shape
- Return type
- log_prob(*args, **kwargs)¶
Evaluates the log probability density for a batch of samples given by value.
- Parameters
value – A batch of samples from the distribution.
- Returns
an array with shape value.shape[:-self.event_shape]
- Return type
- cdf(value)[source]¶
The cummulative distribution function of this distribution.
- Parameters
value – samples from this distribution.
- Returns
output of the cummulative distribution function evaluated at value.
- icdf(value)[source]¶
The inverse cumulative distribution function of this distribution.
- Parameters
q – quantile values, should belong to [0, 1].
- Returns
the samples whose cdf values equals to q.
- property mean¶
Mean of the distribution.
- property variance¶
Variance of the distribution.
GammaPoisson¶
- class GammaPoisson(*args, **kwargs)[source]¶
Bases:
numpyro.distributions.distribution.Distribution
Compound distribution comprising of a gamma-poisson pair, also referred to as a gamma-poisson mixture. The
rate
parameter for thePoisson
distribution is unknown and randomly drawn from aGamma
distribution.- Parameters
concentration (numpy.ndarray) – shape parameter (alpha) of the Gamma distribution.
rate (numpy.ndarray) – rate parameter (beta) for the Gamma distribution.
- arg_constraints = {'concentration': <numpyro.distributions.constraints._GreaterThan object>, 'rate': <numpyro.distributions.constraints._GreaterThan object>}¶
- support = <numpyro.distributions.constraints._IntegerGreaterThan object>¶
- sample(key, sample_shape=())[source]¶
Returns a sample from the distribution having shape given by sample_shape + batch_shape + event_shape. Note that when sample_shape is non-empty, leading dimensions (of size sample_shape) of the returned sample will be filled with iid draws from the distribution instance.
- Parameters
key (jax.random.PRNGKey) – the rng_key key to be used for the distribution.
sample_shape (tuple) – the sample shape for the distribution.
- Returns
an array of shape sample_shape + batch_shape + event_shape
- Return type
- log_prob(*args, **kwargs)¶
Evaluates the log probability density for a batch of samples given by value.
- Parameters
value – A batch of samples from the distribution.
- Returns
an array with shape value.shape[:-self.event_shape]
- Return type
- property mean¶
Mean of the distribution.
- property variance¶
Variance of the distribution.
GeometricLogits¶
- class GeometricLogits(*args, **kwargs)[source]¶
Bases:
numpyro.distributions.distribution.Distribution
- arg_constraints = {'logits': <numpyro.distributions.constraints._Real object>}¶
- support = <numpyro.distributions.constraints._IntegerGreaterThan object>¶
- sample(key, sample_shape=())[source]¶
Returns a sample from the distribution having shape given by sample_shape + batch_shape + event_shape. Note that when sample_shape is non-empty, leading dimensions (of size sample_shape) of the returned sample will be filled with iid draws from the distribution instance.
- Parameters
key (jax.random.PRNGKey) – the rng_key key to be used for the distribution.
sample_shape (tuple) – the sample shape for the distribution.
- Returns
an array of shape sample_shape + batch_shape + event_shape
- Return type
- log_prob(*args, **kwargs)¶
Evaluates the log probability density for a batch of samples given by value.
- Parameters
value – A batch of samples from the distribution.
- Returns
an array with shape value.shape[:-self.event_shape]
- Return type
- property mean¶
Mean of the distribution.
- property variance¶
Variance of the distribution.
GeometricProbs¶
- class GeometricProbs(*args, **kwargs)[source]¶
Bases:
numpyro.distributions.distribution.Distribution
- arg_constraints = {'probs': <numpyro.distributions.constraints._Interval object>}¶
- support = <numpyro.distributions.constraints._IntegerGreaterThan object>¶
- sample(key, sample_shape=())[source]¶
Returns a sample from the distribution having shape given by sample_shape + batch_shape + event_shape. Note that when sample_shape is non-empty, leading dimensions (of size sample_shape) of the returned sample will be filled with iid draws from the distribution instance.
- Parameters
key (jax.random.PRNGKey) – the rng_key key to be used for the distribution.
sample_shape (tuple) – the sample shape for the distribution.
- Returns
an array of shape sample_shape + batch_shape + event_shape
- Return type
- log_prob(*args, **kwargs)¶
Evaluates the log probability density for a batch of samples given by value.
- Parameters
value – A batch of samples from the distribution.
- Returns
an array with shape value.shape[:-self.event_shape]
- Return type
- property mean¶
Mean of the distribution.
- property variance¶
Variance of the distribution.
MultinomialLogits¶
- class MultinomialLogits(*args, **kwargs)[source]¶
Bases:
numpyro.distributions.distribution.Distribution
- arg_constraints = {'logits': <numpyro.distributions.constraints._IndependentConstraint object>, 'total_count': <numpyro.distributions.constraints._IntegerGreaterThan object>}¶
- sample(key, sample_shape=())[source]¶
Returns a sample from the distribution having shape given by sample_shape + batch_shape + event_shape. Note that when sample_shape is non-empty, leading dimensions (of size sample_shape) of the returned sample will be filled with iid draws from the distribution instance.
- Parameters
key (jax.random.PRNGKey) – the rng_key key to be used for the distribution.
sample_shape (tuple) – the sample shape for the distribution.
- Returns
an array of shape sample_shape + batch_shape + event_shape
- Return type
- log_prob(*args, **kwargs)¶
Evaluates the log probability density for a batch of samples given by value.
- Parameters
value – A batch of samples from the distribution.
- Returns
an array with shape value.shape[:-self.event_shape]
- Return type
- property mean¶
Mean of the distribution.
- property variance¶
Variance of the distribution.
- property support¶
- static infer_shapes(logits, total_count)[source]¶
Infers
batch_shape
andevent_shape
given shapes of args to__init__()
.Note
This assumes distribution shape depends only on the shapes of tensor inputs, not in the data contained in those inputs.
- Parameters
*args – Positional args replacing each input arg with a tuple representing the sizes of each tensor input.
**kwargs – Keywords mapping name of input arg to tuple representing the sizes of each tensor input.
- Returns
A pair
(batch_shape, event_shape)
of the shapes of a distribution that would be created with input args of the given shapes.- Return type
MultinomialProbs¶
- class MultinomialProbs(*args, **kwargs)[source]¶
Bases:
numpyro.distributions.distribution.Distribution
- arg_constraints = {'probs': <numpyro.distributions.constraints._Simplex object>, 'total_count': <numpyro.distributions.constraints._IntegerGreaterThan object>}¶
- sample(key, sample_shape=())[source]¶
Returns a sample from the distribution having shape given by sample_shape + batch_shape + event_shape. Note that when sample_shape is non-empty, leading dimensions (of size sample_shape) of the returned sample will be filled with iid draws from the distribution instance.
- Parameters
key (jax.random.PRNGKey) – the rng_key key to be used for the distribution.
sample_shape (tuple) – the sample shape for the distribution.
- Returns
an array of shape sample_shape + batch_shape + event_shape
- Return type
- log_prob(*args, **kwargs)¶
Evaluates the log probability density for a batch of samples given by value.
- Parameters
value – A batch of samples from the distribution.
- Returns
an array with shape value.shape[:-self.event_shape]
- Return type
- property mean¶
Mean of the distribution.
- property variance¶
Variance of the distribution.
- property support¶
- static infer_shapes(probs, total_count)[source]¶
Infers
batch_shape
andevent_shape
given shapes of args to__init__()
.Note
This assumes distribution shape depends only on the shapes of tensor inputs, not in the data contained in those inputs.
- Parameters
*args – Positional args replacing each input arg with a tuple representing the sizes of each tensor input.
**kwargs – Keywords mapping name of input arg to tuple representing the sizes of each tensor input.
- Returns
A pair
(batch_shape, event_shape)
of the shapes of a distribution that would be created with input args of the given shapes.- Return type
OrderedLogistic¶
- class OrderedLogistic(*args, **kwargs)[source]¶
Bases:
numpyro.distributions.discrete.CategoricalProbs
A categorical distribution with ordered outcomes.
References:
Stan Functions Reference, v2.20 section 12.6, Stan Development Team
- Parameters
predictor (numpy.ndarray) – prediction in real domain; typically this is output of a linear model.
cutpoints (numpy.ndarray) – positions in real domain to separate categories.
- arg_constraints = {'cutpoints': <numpyro.distributions.constraints._OrderedVector object>, 'predictor': <numpyro.distributions.constraints._Real object>}¶
- static infer_shapes(predictor, cutpoints)[source]¶
Infers
batch_shape
andevent_shape
given shapes of args to__init__()
.Note
This assumes distribution shape depends only on the shapes of tensor inputs, not in the data contained in those inputs.
- Parameters
*args – Positional args replacing each input arg with a tuple representing the sizes of each tensor input.
**kwargs – Keywords mapping name of input arg to tuple representing the sizes of each tensor input.
- Returns
A pair
(batch_shape, event_shape)
of the shapes of a distribution that would be created with input args of the given shapes.- Return type
NegativeBinomial¶
NegativeBinomialLogits¶
- class NegativeBinomialLogits(*args, **kwargs)[source]¶
Bases:
numpyro.distributions.conjugate.GammaPoisson
- arg_constraints = {'logits': <numpyro.distributions.constraints._Real object>, 'total_count': <numpyro.distributions.constraints._GreaterThan object>}¶
- support = <numpyro.distributions.constraints._IntegerGreaterThan object>¶
- log_prob(*args, **kwargs)¶
Evaluates the log probability density for a batch of samples given by value.
- Parameters
value – A batch of samples from the distribution.
- Returns
an array with shape value.shape[:-self.event_shape]
- Return type
NegativeBinomialProbs¶
- class NegativeBinomialProbs(*args, **kwargs)[source]¶
Bases:
numpyro.distributions.conjugate.GammaPoisson
- arg_constraints = {'probs': <numpyro.distributions.constraints._Interval object>, 'total_count': <numpyro.distributions.constraints._GreaterThan object>}¶
- support = <numpyro.distributions.constraints._IntegerGreaterThan object>¶
NegativeBinomial2¶
- class NegativeBinomial2(*args, **kwargs)[source]¶
Bases:
numpyro.distributions.conjugate.GammaPoisson
Another parameterization of GammaPoisson with rate is replaced by mean.
- arg_constraints = {'concentration': <numpyro.distributions.constraints._GreaterThan object>, 'mean': <numpyro.distributions.constraints._GreaterThan object>}¶
- support = <numpyro.distributions.constraints._IntegerGreaterThan object>¶
Poisson¶
- class Poisson(*args, **kwargs)[source]¶
Bases:
numpyro.distributions.distribution.Distribution
Creates a Poisson distribution parameterized by rate, the rate parameter.
Samples are nonnegative integers, with a pmf given by
\[\mathrm{rate}^k \frac{e^{-\mathrm{rate}}}{k!}\]- Parameters
rate (numpy.ndarray) – The rate parameter
is_sparse (bool) – Whether to assume value is mostly zero when computing
log_prob()
, which can speed up computation when data is sparse.
- arg_constraints = {'rate': <numpyro.distributions.constraints._GreaterThan object>}¶
- support = <numpyro.distributions.constraints._IntegerGreaterThan object>¶
- sample(key, sample_shape=())[source]¶
Returns a sample from the distribution having shape given by sample_shape + batch_shape + event_shape. Note that when sample_shape is non-empty, leading dimensions (of size sample_shape) of the returned sample will be filled with iid draws from the distribution instance.
- Parameters
key (jax.random.PRNGKey) – the rng_key key to be used for the distribution.
sample_shape (tuple) – the sample shape for the distribution.
- Returns
an array of shape sample_shape + batch_shape + event_shape
- Return type
- log_prob(*args, **kwargs)¶
Evaluates the log probability density for a batch of samples given by value.
- Parameters
value – A batch of samples from the distribution.
- Returns
an array with shape value.shape[:-self.event_shape]
- Return type
- property mean¶
Mean of the distribution.
- property variance¶
Variance of the distribution.
ZeroInflatedDistribution¶
- ZeroInflatedDistribution(base_dist, *, gate=None, gate_logits=None, validate_args=None)[source]¶
Generic Zero Inflated distribution.
- Parameters
base_dist (Distribution) – the base distribution.
gate (numpy.ndarray) – probability of extra zeros given via a Bernoulli distribution.
gate_logits (numpy.ndarray) – logits of extra zeros given via a Bernoulli distribution.
ZeroInflatedPoisson¶
- class ZeroInflatedPoisson(*args, **kwargs)[source]¶
Bases:
numpyro.distributions.discrete.ZeroInflatedProbs
A Zero Inflated Poisson distribution.
- Parameters
gate (numpy.ndarray) – probability of extra zeros.
rate (numpy.ndarray) – rate of Poisson distribution.
- arg_constraints = {'gate': <numpyro.distributions.constraints._Interval object>, 'rate': <numpyro.distributions.constraints._GreaterThan object>}¶
- support = <numpyro.distributions.constraints._IntegerGreaterThan object>¶
Mixture Distributions¶
MixtureSameFamily¶
- class MixtureSameFamily(*args, **kwargs)[source]¶
Bases:
numpyro.distributions.distribution.Distribution
Marginalized Finite Mixture distribution of vectorized components.
The components being a vectorized distribution implies that all components are from the same family, represented by a single Distribution object.
- Parameters
mixing_distribution (numpyro.distribution.Distribution) – The mixing distribution to select the components. Needs to be a categorical.
component_distribution (numpyro.distribution.Distribution) – Vectorized component distribution.
As an example:
>>> import jax >>> import jax.numpy as jnp >>> import numpyro.distributions as dist >>> mixing_dist = dist.Categorical(probs=jnp.ones(3) / 3.) >>> component_dist = dist.Normal(loc=jnp.zeros(3), scale=jnp.ones(3)) >>> mixture = dist.MixtureSameFamily(mixing_dist, component_dist) >>> mixture.sample(jax.random.PRNGKey(42)).shape ()
- property mixture_size¶
Returns the number of distributions in the mixture
- Returns
number of mixtures.
- Return type
- property mixing_distribution¶
Returns the mixing distribution
- Returns
Categorical distribution
- Return type
Categorical
- property mixture_dim¶
- property component_distribution¶
Return the vectorized distribution of components being mixed.
- Returns
Component distribution
- Return type
- property support¶
- property is_discrete¶
- property mean¶
Mean of the distribution.
- property variance¶
Variance of the distribution.
- cdf(samples)[source]¶
The cumulative distribution function of this mixture distribution.
- Parameters
value – samples from this distribution.
- Returns
output of the cummulative distribution function evaluated at value.
- Raises
NotImplementedError if the component distribution does not implement the cdf method.
- sample_with_intermediates(key, sample_shape=())[source]¶
Same as
sample
except that the sampled mixture components are also returned.
- sample(key, sample_shape=())[source]¶
Returns a sample from the distribution having shape given by sample_shape + batch_shape + event_shape. Note that when sample_shape is non-empty, leading dimensions (of size sample_shape) of the returned sample will be filled with iid draws from the distribution instance.
- Parameters
key (jax.random.PRNGKey) – the rng_key key to be used for the distribution.
sample_shape (tuple) – the sample shape for the distribution.
- Returns
an array of shape sample_shape + batch_shape + event_shape
- Return type
- log_prob(*args, **kwargs)¶
Evaluates the log probability density for a batch of samples given by value.
- Parameters
value – A batch of samples from the distribution.
- Returns
an array with shape value.shape[:-self.event_shape]
- Return type
Directional Distributions¶
ProjectedNormal¶
- class ProjectedNormal(*args, **kwargs)[source]¶
Bases:
numpyro.distributions.distribution.Distribution
Projected isotropic normal distribution of arbitrary dimension.
This distribution over directional data is qualitatively similar to the von Mises and von Mises-Fisher distributions, but permits tractable variational inference via reparametrized gradients.
To use this distribution with autoguides and HMC, use
handlers.reparam
with aProjectedNormalReparam
reparametrizer in the model, e.g.:@handlers.reparam(config={"direction": ProjectedNormalReparam()}) def model(): direction = numpyro.sample("direction", ProjectedNormal(zeros(3))) ...
Note
This implements
log_prob()
only for dimensions {2,3}.- [1] D. Hernandez-Stumpfhauser, F.J. Breidt, M.J. van der Woerd (2017)
“The General Projected Normal Distribution of Arbitrary Dimension: Modeling and Bayesian Inference” https://projecteuclid.org/euclid.ba/1453211962
- arg_constraints = {'concentration': <numpyro.distributions.constraints._IndependentConstraint object>}¶
- reparametrized_params = ['concentration']¶
- support = <numpyro.distributions.constraints._Sphere object>¶
- property mean¶
Note this is the mean in the sense of a centroid in the submanifold that minimizes expected squared geodesic distance.
- property mode¶
- sample(key, sample_shape=())[source]¶
Returns a sample from the distribution having shape given by sample_shape + batch_shape + event_shape. Note that when sample_shape is non-empty, leading dimensions (of size sample_shape) of the returned sample will be filled with iid draws from the distribution instance.
- Parameters
key (jax.random.PRNGKey) – the rng_key key to be used for the distribution.
sample_shape (tuple) – the sample shape for the distribution.
- Returns
an array of shape sample_shape + batch_shape + event_shape
- Return type
- log_prob(value)[source]¶
Evaluates the log probability density for a batch of samples given by value.
- Parameters
value – A batch of samples from the distribution.
- Returns
an array with shape value.shape[:-self.event_shape]
- Return type
- static infer_shapes(concentration)[source]¶
Infers
batch_shape
andevent_shape
given shapes of args to__init__()
.Note
This assumes distribution shape depends only on the shapes of tensor inputs, not in the data contained in those inputs.
- Parameters
*args – Positional args replacing each input arg with a tuple representing the sizes of each tensor input.
**kwargs – Keywords mapping name of input arg to tuple representing the sizes of each tensor input.
- Returns
A pair
(batch_shape, event_shape)
of the shapes of a distribution that would be created with input args of the given shapes.- Return type
SineBivariateVonMises¶
- class SineBivariateVonMises(*args, **kwargs)[source]¶
Bases:
numpyro.distributions.distribution.Distribution
Unimodal distribution of two dependent angles on the 2-torus (\(S^1 \otimes S^1\)) given by
\[C^{-1}\exp(\kappa_1\cos(x_1-\mu_1) + \kappa_2\cos(x_2 -\mu_2) + \rho\sin(x_1 - \mu_1)\sin(x_2 - \mu_2))\]and
\[C = (2\pi)^2 \sum_{i=0} {2i \choose i} \left(\frac{\rho^2}{4\kappa_1\kappa_2}\right)^i I_i(\kappa_1)I_i(\kappa_2),\]where \(I_i(\cdot)\) is the modified bessel function of first kind, mu’s are the locations of the distribution, kappa’s are the concentration and rho gives the correlation between angles \(x_1\) and \(x_2\). This distribution is helpful for modeling coupled angles such as torsion angles in peptide chains.
To infer parameters, use
NUTS
orHMC
with priors that avoid parameterizations where the distribution becomes bimodal; see note below.Note
Sample efficiency drops as
\[\frac{\rho}{\kappa_1\kappa_2} \rightarrow 1\]because the distribution becomes increasingly bimodal. To avoid bimodality use the weighted_correlation parameter with a skew away from one (e.g., Beta(1,3)). The weighted_correlation should be in [0,1].
Note
The correlation and weighted_correlation params are mutually exclusive.
Note
In the context of
SVI
, this distribution can be used as a likelihood but not for latent variables.- ** References: **
Probabilistic model for two dependent circular variables Singh, H., Hnizdo, V., and Demchuck, E. (2002)
- Parameters
phi_loc (np.ndarray) – location of first angle
psi_loc (np.ndarray) – location of second angle
phi_concentration (np.ndarray) – concentration of first angle
psi_concentration (np.ndarray) – concentration of second angle
correlation (np.ndarray) – correlation between the two angles
weighted_correlation (np.ndarray) – set correlation to weigthed_corr * sqrt(phi_conc*psi_conc) to avoid bimodality (see note). The weighted_correlation should be in [0,1].
- arg_constraints = {'correlation': <numpyro.distributions.constraints._Real object>, 'phi_concentration': <numpyro.distributions.constraints._GreaterThan object>, 'phi_loc': <numpyro.distributions.constraints._Interval object>, 'psi_concentration': <numpyro.distributions.constraints._GreaterThan object>, 'psi_loc': <numpyro.distributions.constraints._Interval object>}¶
- support = <numpyro.distributions.constraints._IndependentConstraint object>¶
- max_sample_iter = 1000¶
- log_prob(*args, **kwargs)¶
Evaluates the log probability density for a batch of samples given by value.
- Parameters
value – A batch of samples from the distribution.
- Returns
an array with shape value.shape[:-self.event_shape]
- Return type
- sample(key, sample_shape=())[source]¶
- ** References: **
A New Unified Approach for the Simulation of a Wide Class of Directional Distributions John T. Kent, Asaad M. Ganeiber & Kanti V. Mardia (2018)
- property mean¶
Computes circular mean of distribution. Note: same as location when mapped to support [-pi, pi]
SineSkewed¶
- class SineSkewed(*args, **kwargs)[source]¶
Bases:
numpyro.distributions.distribution.Distribution
Sine-skewing [1] is a procedure for producing a distribution that breaks pointwise symmetry on a torus distribution. The new distribution is called the Sine Skewed X distribution, where X is the name of the (symmetric) base distribution. Torus distributions are distributions with support on products of circles (i.e., \(\otimes S^1\) where \(S^1 = [-pi,pi)\)). So, a 0-torus is a point, the 1-torus is a circle, and the 2-torus is commonly associated with the donut shape.
The sine skewed X distribution is parameterized by a weight parameter for each dimension of the event of X. For example with a von Mises distribution over a circle (1-torus), the sine skewed von Mises distribution has one skew parameter. The skewness parameters can be inferred using
HMC
orNUTS
. For example, the following will produce a prior over skewness for the 2-torus,:@numpyro.handlers.reparam(config={'phi_loc': CircularReparam(), 'psi_loc': CircularReparam()}) def model(obs): # Sine priors phi_loc = numpyro.sample('phi_loc', VonMises(pi, 2.)) psi_loc = numpyro.sample('psi_loc', VonMises(-pi / 2, 2.)) phi_conc = numpyro.sample('phi_conc', Beta(1., 1.)) psi_conc = numpyro.sample('psi_conc', Beta(1., 1.)) corr_scale = numpyro.sample('corr_scale', Beta(2., 5.)) # Skewing prior ball_trans = L1BallTransform() skewness = numpyro.sample('skew_phi', Normal(0, 0.5).expand((2,))) skewness = ball_trans(skewness) # constraint sum |skewness_i| <= 1 with numpyro.plate('obs_plate'): sine = SineBivariateVonMises(phi_loc=phi_loc, psi_loc=psi_loc, phi_concentration=70 * phi_conc, psi_concentration=70 * psi_conc, weighted_correlation=corr_scale) return numpyro.sample('phi_psi', SineSkewed(sine, skewness), obs=obs)
To ensure the skewing does not alter the normalization constant of the (sine bivariate von Mises) base distribution the skewness parameters are constraint. The constraint requires the sum of the absolute values of skewness to be less than or equal to one. We can use the
L1BallTransform
to achieve this.In the context of
SVI
, this distribution can freely be used as a likelihood, but use as latent variables it will lead to slow inference for 2 and higher dim toruses. This is because the base_dist cannot be reparameterized.Note
An event in the base distribution must be on a d-torus, so the event_shape must be (d,).
Note
For the skewness parameter, it must hold that the sum of the absolute value of its weights for an event must be less than or equal to one. See eq. 2.1 in [1].
- ** References: **
- Sine-skewed toroidal distributions and their application in protein bioinformatics
Ameijeiras-Alonso, J., Ley, C. (2019)
- Parameters
base_dist (numpyro.distributions.Distribution) – base density on a d-dimensional torus. Supported base distributions include: 1D
VonMises
,SineBivariateVonMises
, 1DProjectedNormal
, andUniform
(-pi, pi).skewness (jax.numpy.array) – skewness of the distribution.
- arg_constraints = {'skewness': <numpyro.distributions.constraints._L1Ball object>}¶
- support = <numpyro.distributions.constraints._IndependentConstraint object>¶
- sample(key, sample_shape=())[source]¶
Returns a sample from the distribution having shape given by sample_shape + batch_shape + event_shape. Note that when sample_shape is non-empty, leading dimensions (of size sample_shape) of the returned sample will be filled with iid draws from the distribution instance.
- Parameters
key (jax.random.PRNGKey) – the rng_key key to be used for the distribution.
sample_shape (tuple) – the sample shape for the distribution.
- Returns
an array of shape sample_shape + batch_shape + event_shape
- Return type
- log_prob(value)[source]¶
Evaluates the log probability density for a batch of samples given by value.
- Parameters
value – A batch of samples from the distribution.
- Returns
an array with shape value.shape[:-self.event_shape]
- Return type
- property mean¶
Mean of the base distribution
VonMises¶
- class VonMises(*args, **kwargs)[source]¶
Bases:
numpyro.distributions.distribution.Distribution
The von Mises distribution, also known as the circular normal distribution.
This distribution is supported by a circular constraint from -pi to +pi. By default, the circular support behaves like
constraints.interval(-math.pi, math.pi)
. To avoid issues at the boundaries of this interval during sampling, you should reparameterize this distribution usinghandlers.reparam
with aCircularReparam
reparametrizer in the model, e.g.:@handlers.reparam(config={"direction": CircularReparam()}) def model(): direction = numpyro.sample("direction", VonMises(0.0, 4.0)) ...
- arg_constraints = {'concentration': <numpyro.distributions.constraints._GreaterThan object>, 'loc': <numpyro.distributions.constraints._Real object>}¶
- reparametrized_params = ['loc']¶
- support = <numpyro.distributions.constraints._Interval object>¶
- sample(key, sample_shape=())[source]¶
Generate sample from von Mises distribution
- Parameters
key – random number generator key
sample_shape – shape of samples
- Returns
samples from von Mises
- log_prob(*args, **kwargs)¶
Evaluates the log probability density for a batch of samples given by value.
- Parameters
value – A batch of samples from the distribution.
- Returns
an array with shape value.shape[:-self.event_shape]
- Return type
- property mean¶
Computes circular mean of distribution. NOTE: same as location when mapped to support [-pi, pi]
- property variance¶
Computes circular variance of distribution
Truncated Distributions¶
LeftTruncatedDistribution¶
- class LeftTruncatedDistribution(*args, **kwargs)[source]¶
Bases:
numpyro.distributions.distribution.Distribution
- arg_constraints = {'low': <numpyro.distributions.constraints._Real object>}¶
- reparametrized_params = ['low']¶
- supported_types = (<class 'numpyro.distributions.continuous.Cauchy'>, <class 'numpyro.distributions.continuous.Laplace'>, <class 'numpyro.distributions.continuous.Logistic'>, <class 'numpyro.distributions.continuous.Normal'>, <class 'numpyro.distributions.continuous.SoftLaplace'>, <class 'numpyro.distributions.continuous.StudentT'>)¶
- property support¶
- sample(key, sample_shape=())[source]¶
Returns a sample from the distribution having shape given by sample_shape + batch_shape + event_shape. Note that when sample_shape is non-empty, leading dimensions (of size sample_shape) of the returned sample will be filled with iid draws from the distribution instance.
- Parameters
key (jax.random.PRNGKey) – the rng_key key to be used for the distribution.
sample_shape (tuple) – the sample shape for the distribution.
- Returns
an array of shape sample_shape + batch_shape + event_shape
- Return type
- log_prob(*args, **kwargs)¶
Evaluates the log probability density for a batch of samples given by value.
- Parameters
value – A batch of samples from the distribution.
- Returns
an array with shape value.shape[:-self.event_shape]
- Return type
- property mean¶
Mean of the distribution.
- property var¶
RightTruncatedDistribution¶
- class RightTruncatedDistribution(*args, **kwargs)[source]¶
Bases:
numpyro.distributions.distribution.Distribution
- arg_constraints = {'high': <numpyro.distributions.constraints._Real object>}¶
- reparametrized_params = ['high']¶
- supported_types = (<class 'numpyro.distributions.continuous.Cauchy'>, <class 'numpyro.distributions.continuous.Laplace'>, <class 'numpyro.distributions.continuous.Logistic'>, <class 'numpyro.distributions.continuous.Normal'>, <class 'numpyro.distributions.continuous.SoftLaplace'>, <class 'numpyro.distributions.continuous.StudentT'>)¶
- property support¶
- sample(key, sample_shape=())[source]¶
Returns a sample from the distribution having shape given by sample_shape + batch_shape + event_shape. Note that when sample_shape is non-empty, leading dimensions (of size sample_shape) of the returned sample will be filled with iid draws from the distribution instance.
- Parameters
key (jax.random.PRNGKey) – the rng_key key to be used for the distribution.
sample_shape (tuple) – the sample shape for the distribution.
- Returns
an array of shape sample_shape + batch_shape + event_shape
- Return type
- log_prob(*args, **kwargs)¶
Evaluates the log probability density for a batch of samples given by value.
- Parameters
value – A batch of samples from the distribution.
- Returns
an array with shape value.shape[:-self.event_shape]
- Return type
- property mean¶
Mean of the distribution.
- property var¶
TruncatedCauchy¶
TruncatedDistribution¶
- TruncatedDistribution(base_dist, low=None, high=None, validate_args=None)[source]¶
A function to generate a truncated distribution.
- Parameters
base_dist – The base distribution to be truncated. This should be a univariate distribution. Currently, only the following distributions are supported: Cauchy, Laplace, Logistic, Normal, and StudentT.
low – the value which is used to truncate the base distribution from below. Setting this parameter to None to not truncate from below.
high – the value which is used to truncate the base distribution from above. Setting this parameter to None to not truncate from above.
TruncatedNormal¶
TruncatedPolyaGamma¶
- class TruncatedPolyaGamma(*args, **kwargs)[source]¶
Bases:
numpyro.distributions.distribution.Distribution
- truncation_point = 2.5¶
- num_log_prob_terms = 7¶
- num_gamma_variates = 8¶
- arg_constraints = {}¶
- support = <numpyro.distributions.constraints._Interval object>¶
- sample(key, sample_shape=())[source]¶
Returns a sample from the distribution having shape given by sample_shape + batch_shape + event_shape. Note that when sample_shape is non-empty, leading dimensions (of size sample_shape) of the returned sample will be filled with iid draws from the distribution instance.
- Parameters
key (jax.random.PRNGKey) – the rng_key key to be used for the distribution.
sample_shape (tuple) – the sample shape for the distribution.
- Returns
an array of shape sample_shape + batch_shape + event_shape
- Return type
- log_prob(*args, **kwargs)¶
Evaluates the log probability density for a batch of samples given by value.
- Parameters
value – A batch of samples from the distribution.
- Returns
an array with shape value.shape[:-self.event_shape]
- Return type
TwoSidedTruncatedDistribution¶
- class TwoSidedTruncatedDistribution(*args, **kwargs)[source]¶
Bases:
numpyro.distributions.distribution.Distribution
- arg_constraints = {'high': <numpyro.distributions.constraints._Dependent object>, 'low': <numpyro.distributions.constraints._Dependent object>}¶
- reparametrized_params = ['low', 'high']¶
- supported_types = (<class 'numpyro.distributions.continuous.Cauchy'>, <class 'numpyro.distributions.continuous.Laplace'>, <class 'numpyro.distributions.continuous.Logistic'>, <class 'numpyro.distributions.continuous.Normal'>, <class 'numpyro.distributions.continuous.SoftLaplace'>, <class 'numpyro.distributions.continuous.StudentT'>)¶
- property support¶
- sample(key, sample_shape=())[source]¶
Returns a sample from the distribution having shape given by sample_shape + batch_shape + event_shape. Note that when sample_shape is non-empty, leading dimensions (of size sample_shape) of the returned sample will be filled with iid draws from the distribution instance.
- Parameters
key (jax.random.PRNGKey) – the rng_key key to be used for the distribution.
sample_shape (tuple) – the sample shape for the distribution.
- Returns
an array of shape sample_shape + batch_shape + event_shape
- Return type
- log_prob(*args, **kwargs)¶
Evaluates the log probability density for a batch of samples given by value.
- Parameters
value – A batch of samples from the distribution.
- Returns
an array with shape value.shape[:-self.event_shape]
- Return type
- property mean¶
Mean of the distribution.
- property var¶
TensorFlow Distributions¶
Thin wrappers around TensorFlow Probability (TFP) distributions. For details on the TFP distribution interface, see its Distribution docs.
BijectorConstraint¶
BijectorTransform¶
TFPDistribution¶
- class TFPDistribution(*args, **kwargs)[source]¶
A thin wrapper for TensorFlow Probability (TFP) distributions. The constructor has the same signature as the corresponding TFP distribution.
This class can be used to convert a TFP distribution to a NumPyro-compatible one as follows:
d = TFPDistribution[tfd.Normal](0, 1)
Note that typical use cases do not require explicitly invoking this wrapper, since NumPyro wraps TFP distributions automatically under the hood in model code, e.g.:
from tensorflow_probability.substrates.jax import distributions as tfd def model(): numpyro.sample("x", tfd.Normal(0, 1))
Constraints¶
Constraint¶
- class Constraint[source]¶
Bases:
object
Abstract base class for constraints.
A constraint object represents a region over which a variable is valid, e.g. within which a variable can be optimized.
- is_discrete = False¶
- event_dim = 0¶
dependent¶
- dependent = <numpyro.distributions.constraints._Dependent object>¶
Placeholder for variables whose support depends on other variables. These variables obey no simple coordinate-wise constraints.
- Parameters
is_discrete (bool) – Optional value of
.is_discrete
in case this can be computed statically. If not provided, access to the.is_discrete
attribute will raise a NotImplementedError.event_dim (int) – Optional value of
.event_dim
in case this can be computed statically. If not provided, access to the.event_dim
attribute will raise a NotImplementedError.
greater_than¶
- greater_than(lower_bound)¶
Abstract base class for constraints.
A constraint object represents a region over which a variable is valid, e.g. within which a variable can be optimized.
integer_interval¶
- integer_interval(lower_bound, upper_bound)¶
Abstract base class for constraints.
A constraint object represents a region over which a variable is valid, e.g. within which a variable can be optimized.
integer_greater_than¶
- integer_greater_than(lower_bound)¶
Abstract base class for constraints.
A constraint object represents a region over which a variable is valid, e.g. within which a variable can be optimized.
interval¶
- interval(lower_bound, upper_bound)¶
Abstract base class for constraints.
A constraint object represents a region over which a variable is valid, e.g. within which a variable can be optimized.
less_than¶
- less_than(upper_bound)¶
Abstract base class for constraints.
A constraint object represents a region over which a variable is valid, e.g. within which a variable can be optimized.
multinomial¶
- multinomial(upper_bound)¶
Abstract base class for constraints.
A constraint object represents a region over which a variable is valid, e.g. within which a variable can be optimized.
nonnegative_integer¶
- nonnegative_integer = <numpyro.distributions.constraints._IntegerGreaterThan object>¶
positive_definite¶
- positive_definite = <numpyro.distributions.constraints._PositiveDefinite object>¶
positive_integer¶
- positive_integer = <numpyro.distributions.constraints._IntegerGreaterThan object>¶
positive_ordered_vector¶
- positive_ordered_vector = <numpyro.distributions.constraints._PositiveOrderedVector object>¶
Constrains to a positive real-valued tensor where the elements are monotonically increasing along the event_shape dimension.
real_vector¶
- real_vector = <numpyro.distributions.constraints._IndependentConstraint object>¶
Wraps a constraint by aggregating over
reinterpreted_batch_ndims
-many dims incheck()
, so that an event is valid only if all its independent entries are valid.
scaled_unit_lower_cholesky¶
- scaled_unit_lower_cholesky = <numpyro.distributions.constraints._ScaledUnitLowerCholesky object>¶
softplus_positive¶
- softplus_positive = <numpyro.distributions.constraints._SoftplusPositive object>¶
softplus_lower_cholesky¶
- softplus_lower_cholesky = <numpyro.distributions.constraints._SoftplusLowerCholesky object>¶
Transforms¶
Transform¶
- class Transform[source]¶
Bases:
object
- domain = <numpyro.distributions.constraints._Real object>¶
- codomain = <numpyro.distributions.constraints._Real object>¶
- property inv¶
AbsTransform¶
- class AbsTransform[source]¶
Bases:
numpyro.distributions.transforms.Transform
- domain = <numpyro.distributions.constraints._Real object>¶
- codomain = <numpyro.distributions.constraints._GreaterThan object>¶
AffineTransform¶
- class AffineTransform(loc, scale, domain=<numpyro.distributions.constraints._Real object>)[source]¶
Bases:
numpyro.distributions.transforms.Transform
Note
When scale is a JAX tracer, we always assume that scale > 0 when calculating codomain.
- property codomain¶
CholeskyTransform¶
- class CholeskyTransform[source]¶
Bases:
numpyro.distributions.transforms.Transform
Transform via the mapping \(y = cholesky(x)\), where x is a positive definite matrix.
- domain = <numpyro.distributions.constraints._PositiveDefinite object>¶
- codomain = <numpyro.distributions.constraints._LowerCholesky object>¶
ComposeTransform¶
CorrCholeskyTransform¶
- class CorrCholeskyTransform[source]¶
Bases:
numpyro.distributions.transforms.Transform
Transforms a uncontrained real vector \(x\) with length \(D*(D-1)/2\) into the Cholesky factor of a D-dimension correlation matrix. This Cholesky factor is a lower triangular matrix with positive diagonals and unit Euclidean norm for each row. The transform is processed as follows:
First we convert \(x\) into a lower triangular matrix with the following order:
\[\begin{split}\begin{bmatrix} 1 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\ x_0 & 1 & 0 & 0 \\ x_1 & x_2 & 1 & 0 \\ x_3 & x_4 & x_5 & 1 \end{bmatrix}\end{split}\]2. For each row \(X_i\) of the lower triangular part, we apply a signed version of class
StickBreakingTransform
to transform \(X_i\) into a unit Euclidean length vector using the following steps:Scales into the interval \((-1, 1)\) domain: \(r_i = \tanh(X_i)\).
Transforms into an unsigned domain: \(z_i = r_i^2\).
Applies \(s_i = StickBreakingTransform(z_i)\).
Transforms back into signed domain: \(y_i = (sign(r_i), 1) * \sqrt{s_i}\).
- domain = <numpyro.distributions.constraints._IndependentConstraint object>¶
- codomain = <numpyro.distributions.constraints._CorrCholesky object>¶
CorrMatrixCholeskyTransform¶
- class CorrMatrixCholeskyTransform[source]¶
Bases:
numpyro.distributions.transforms.CholeskyTransform
Transform via the mapping \(y = cholesky(x)\), where x is a correlation matrix.
- domain = <numpyro.distributions.constraints._CorrMatrix object>¶
- codomain = <numpyro.distributions.constraints._CorrCholesky object>¶
ExpTransform¶
L1BallTransform¶
- class L1BallTransform[source]¶
Bases:
numpyro.distributions.transforms.Transform
Transforms a uncontrained real vector \(x\) into the unit L1 ball.
- domain = <numpyro.distributions.constraints._IndependentConstraint object>¶
- codomain = <numpyro.distributions.constraints._L1Ball object>¶
LowerCholeskyAffine¶
- class LowerCholeskyAffine(loc, scale_tril)[source]¶
Bases:
numpyro.distributions.transforms.Transform
Transform via the mapping \(y = loc + scale\_tril\ @\ x\).
- Parameters
loc – a real vector.
scale_tril – a lower triangular matrix with positive diagonal.
Example
>>> import jax.numpy as jnp >>> from numpyro.distributions.transforms import LowerCholeskyAffine >>> base = jnp.ones(2) >>> loc = jnp.zeros(2) >>> scale_tril = jnp.array([[0.3, 0.0], [1.0, 0.5]]) >>> affine = LowerCholeskyAffine(loc=loc, scale_tril=scale_tril) >>> affine(base) DeviceArray([0.3, 1.5], dtype=float32)
- domain = <numpyro.distributions.constraints._IndependentConstraint object>¶
- codomain = <numpyro.distributions.constraints._IndependentConstraint object>¶
LowerCholeskyTransform¶
- class LowerCholeskyTransform[source]¶
Bases:
numpyro.distributions.transforms.Transform
Transform a real vector to a lower triangular cholesky factor, where the strictly lower triangular submatrix is unconstrained and the diagonal is parameterized with an exponential transform.
- domain = <numpyro.distributions.constraints._IndependentConstraint object>¶
- codomain = <numpyro.distributions.constraints._LowerCholesky object>¶
OrderedTransform¶
- class OrderedTransform[source]¶
Bases:
numpyro.distributions.transforms.Transform
Transform a real vector to an ordered vector.
References:
Stan Reference Manual v2.20, section 10.6, Stan Development Team
Example
>>> import jax.numpy as jnp >>> from numpyro.distributions.transforms import OrderedTransform >>> base = jnp.ones(3) >>> transform = OrderedTransform() >>> assert jnp.allclose(transform(base), jnp.array([1., 3.7182817, 6.4365635]), rtol=1e-3, atol=1e-3)
- domain = <numpyro.distributions.constraints._IndependentConstraint object>¶
- codomain = <numpyro.distributions.constraints._OrderedVector object>¶
PermuteTransform¶
- class PermuteTransform(permutation)[source]¶
Bases:
numpyro.distributions.transforms.Transform
- domain = <numpyro.distributions.constraints._IndependentConstraint object>¶
- codomain = <numpyro.distributions.constraints._IndependentConstraint object>¶
PowerTransform¶
- class PowerTransform(exponent)[source]¶
Bases:
numpyro.distributions.transforms.Transform
- domain = <numpyro.distributions.constraints._GreaterThan object>¶
- codomain = <numpyro.distributions.constraints._GreaterThan object>¶
ScaledUnitLowerCholeskyTransform¶
- class ScaledUnitLowerCholeskyTransform[source]¶
Bases:
numpyro.distributions.transforms.LowerCholeskyTransform
Like LowerCholeskyTransform this Transform transforms a real vector to a lower triangular cholesky factor. However it does so via a decomposition
\(y = loc + unit\_scale\_tril\ @\ scale\_diag\ @\ x\).
where \(unit\_scale\_tril\) has ones along the diagonal and \(scale\_diag\) is a diagonal matrix with all positive entries that is parameterized with a softplus transform.
- domain = <numpyro.distributions.constraints._IndependentConstraint object>¶
- codomain = <numpyro.distributions.constraints._ScaledUnitLowerCholesky object>¶
SigmoidTransform¶
SimplexToOrderedTransform¶
- class SimplexToOrderedTransform(anchor_point=0.0)[source]¶
Bases:
numpyro.distributions.transforms.Transform
Transform a simplex into an ordered vector (via difference in Logistic CDF between cutpoints) Used in [1] to induce a prior on latent cutpoints via transforming ordered category probabilities.
- Parameters
anchor_point – Anchor point is a nuisance parameter to improve the identifiability of the transform. For simplicity, we assume it is a scalar value, but it is broadcastable x.shape[:-1]. For more details please refer to Section 2.2 in [1]
References:
Ordinal Regression Case Study, section 2.2, M. Betancourt, https://betanalpha.github.io/assets/case_studies/ordinal_regression.html
Example
>>> import jax.numpy as jnp >>> from numpyro.distributions.transforms import SimplexToOrderedTransform >>> base = jnp.array([0.3, 0.1, 0.4, 0.2]) >>> transform = SimplexToOrderedTransform() >>> assert jnp.allclose(transform(base), jnp.array([-0.8472978, -0.40546507, 1.3862944]), rtol=1e-3, atol=1e-3)
- domain = <numpyro.distributions.constraints._Simplex object>¶
- codomain = <numpyro.distributions.constraints._OrderedVector object>¶
SoftplusLowerCholeskyTransform¶
- class SoftplusLowerCholeskyTransform[source]¶
Bases:
numpyro.distributions.transforms.Transform
Transform from unconstrained vector to lower-triangular matrices with nonnegative diagonal entries. This is useful for parameterizing positive definite matrices in terms of their Cholesky factorization.
- domain = <numpyro.distributions.constraints._IndependentConstraint object>¶
- codomain = <numpyro.distributions.constraints._SoftplusLowerCholesky object>¶
SoftplusTransform¶
- class SoftplusTransform[source]¶
Bases:
numpyro.distributions.transforms.Transform
Transform from unconstrained space to positive domain via softplus \(y = \log(1 + \exp(x))\). The inverse is computed as \(x = \log(\exp(y) - 1)\).
- domain = <numpyro.distributions.constraints._Real object>¶
- codomain = <numpyro.distributions.constraints._SoftplusPositive object>¶
StickBreakingTransform¶
- class StickBreakingTransform[source]¶
Bases:
numpyro.distributions.transforms.Transform
- domain = <numpyro.distributions.constraints._IndependentConstraint object>¶
- codomain = <numpyro.distributions.constraints._Simplex object>¶
Flows¶
InverseAutoregressiveTransform¶
- class InverseAutoregressiveTransform(autoregressive_nn, log_scale_min_clip=- 5.0, log_scale_max_clip=3.0)[source]¶
Bases:
numpyro.distributions.transforms.Transform
An implementation of Inverse Autoregressive Flow, using Eq (10) from Kingma et al., 2016,
\(\mathbf{y} = \mu_t + \sigma_t\odot\mathbf{x}\)
where \(\mathbf{x}\) are the inputs, \(\mathbf{y}\) are the outputs, \(\mu_t,\sigma_t\) are calculated from an autoregressive network on \(\mathbf{x}\), and \(\sigma_t>0\).
References
Improving Variational Inference with Inverse Autoregressive Flow [arXiv:1606.04934], Diederik P. Kingma, Tim Salimans, Rafal Jozefowicz, Xi Chen, Ilya Sutskever, Max Welling
- domain = <numpyro.distributions.constraints._IndependentConstraint object>¶
- codomain = <numpyro.distributions.constraints._IndependentConstraint object>¶
- log_abs_det_jacobian(x, y, intermediates=None)[source]¶
Calculates the elementwise determinant of the log jacobian.
- Parameters
x (numpy.ndarray) – the input to the transform
y (numpy.ndarray) – the output of the transform
BlockNeuralAutoregressiveTransform¶
- class BlockNeuralAutoregressiveTransform(bn_arn)[source]¶
Bases:
numpyro.distributions.transforms.Transform
An implementation of Block Neural Autoregressive flow.
References
Block Neural Autoregressive Flow, Nicola De Cao, Ivan Titov, Wilker Aziz
- domain = <numpyro.distributions.constraints._IndependentConstraint object>¶
- codomain = <numpyro.distributions.constraints._IndependentConstraint object>¶
- log_abs_det_jacobian(x, y, intermediates=None)[source]¶
Calculates the elementwise determinant of the log jacobian.
- Parameters
x (numpy.ndarray) – the input to the transform
y (numpy.ndarray) – the output of the transform